Oral and cutaneous manifestations of viral and bacterial infections: Not only COVID-19 disease

Autor: Giulia Merlo, Alfredo Rebora, Francesco Drago, Giulia Ciccarese, Ilaria Trave, Sanja Javor, Aurora Parodi
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Clinics in Dermatology
ISSN: 0738-081X
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.01.021
Popis: Highlights • An enanthem is a mucosal eruption that precede, follow or occur simultaneously with an exanthem. • Enanthems may be triggered by an underlying infection or a drug received by the patient or both. • Patterns are: vesicular, macular, maculo-papular, maculo-papular-petechial, and petechial. • Erythemato-vesicular and petechial patterns are the most frequent in adults. • Some enanthems are pathognomonic for a disease as Koplik's spots for measles.
Globalization entails several medical problems, along with economic and social complications. Migrations from the other continents, increasing numbers of tourists world-wide, importation of foreign parasites, Aedes albopictus for example, have made diseases so far unknown in Europe a reality. The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the world is a warning that other epidemics are still possible. Most, if not all of these diseases, transmitted by viruses or bacteria, present with cutaneous symptoms and signs that are highly important for a speedy diagnosis, a fundamental concept for arresting the diseases and saving lives. Dermatologists play a significant role in delineating cutaneous and mucosal lesions that are often lumped together as a rash. We provide a review of many of these cutaneous and mucosal lesions that sometimes are forgotten or even ignored.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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