Evidence for Faster X Chromosome Evolution in Spiders
| Autor: | Frederik Hendrickx, Mads Fristrup Schou, Virginia Settepani, Jesper Bechsgaard, Bram Vanthournout, Mikkel H. Schierup, Trine Bilde, Bjarne Knudsen |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Larracuente, Amanda |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Male Mutation rate X Chromosome Evolution ADAPTIVE PROTEIN EVOLUTION EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE Population Population Dynamics female bias 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences Effective population size Behavior and Systematics Genetics Animals PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS Sex Ratio sex chromosome education Molecular Biology Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics X chromosome Discoveries 030304 developmental biology Stegodyphus 0303 health sciences education.field_of_study Autosome biology Ecology SEX-CHROMOSOMES PURIFYING SELECTION Biology and Life Sciences faster-X Genetic Variation Spiders biology.organism_classification Biological Evolution MOLECULAR EVOLUTION DROSOPHILA social spider GENETIC DIVERSITY Inbreeding DELETERIOUS MUTATIONS Sex ratio |
| Zdroj: | Molecular Biology and Evolution Bechsgaard, J, Schou, M F, Vanthournout, B, Hendrickx, F, Knudsen, B, Settepani, V, Schierup, M H & Bilde, T 2019, ' Evidence for Faster X Chromosome Evolution in Spiders ', Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1281-1293 . https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz074 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION |
| ISSN: | 1537-1719 0737-4038 |
| Popis: | In species with chromosomal sex determination, X chromosomes are predicted to evolve faster than autosomes because of positive selection on recessive alleles or weak purifying selection. We investigated X chromosome evolution in Stegodyphus spiders that differ in mating system, sex ratio, and population dynamics. We assigned scaffolds to X chromosomes and autosomes using a novel method based on flow cytometry of sperm cells and reduced representation sequencing. We estimated coding substitution patterns (dN/dS) in a subsocial outcrossing species (S. africanus) and its social inbreeding and female-biased sister species (S. mimosarum), and found evidence for faster-X evolution in both species. X chromosome-to-autosome diversity (piX/piA) ratios were estimated in multiple populations. The average piX/piA estimates of S. africanus (0.57 [95% CI: 0.55–0.60]) was lower than the neutral expectation of 0.75, consistent with more hitchhiking events on X-linked loci and/or a lower X chromosome mutation rate, and we provide evidence in support of both. The social species S. mimosarum has a significantly higher piX/piA ratio (0.72 [95% CI: 0.65–0.79]) in agreement with its female-biased sex ratio. Stegodyphus mimosarum also have different piX/piA estimates among populations, which we interpret as evidence for recurrent founder events. Simulations show that recurrent founder events are expected to decrease the piX/piA estimates in S. mimosarum, thus underestimating the true effect of female-biased sex ratios. Finally, we found lower synonymous divergence on X chromosomes in both species, and the male-to-female substitution ratio to be higher than 1, indicating a higher mutation rate in males. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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