The Effect of Olfactory Training on Olfaction, Cognition, and Brain Function in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
| Autor: | Ben Chen, Thomas Hummel, Robert Haussmann, Melanie Espin, Markus Donix, Claudia Matthes, Antje Haehner |
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| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty physiopathology [Cognitive Dysfunction] physiopathology [Olfaction Disorders] diagnostic imaging [Cognitive Dysfunction] diagnostic imaging [Olfaction Disorders] grey matter Olfaction physiopathology [Brain] Neuropsychological Tests Audiology behavioral disciplines and activities Olfaction Disorders Cognition mild cognitive impairment medicine Humans Cognitive Dysfunction In patient ddc:610 Prospective Studies Cognitive impairment diagnostic imaging [Brain] Brain function Aged business.industry General Neuroscience Brain General Medicine Middle Aged physiology [Smell] olfactory training Magnetic Resonance Imaging Smell Psychiatry and Mental health Clinical Psychology Odorants functional MRI Female Geriatrics and Gerontology business Alzheimer’s disease |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Alzheimer's disease 85(2), 745-754 (2022). doi:10.3233/JAD-215257 |
| ISSN: | 1875-8908 1387-2877 |
| DOI: | 10.3233/jad-215257 |
| Popis: | Background: The olfactory system is affected very early in Alzheimer’s disease and olfactory loss can already be observed in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an early stage of AD. Objective: The aim of this randomized, prospective, controlled, blinded study was to evaluate whether olfactory training (OT) may have an effect on olfactory function, cognitive impairment, and brain activation in MCI patients after a 4-month period of frequent short-term exposure to various odors. Methods: A total of 38 MCI outpatients were randomly assigned to OT or a control training condition, which were performed twice a day for 4 months. Olfactory testing, comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, and a passive odor perception task based on magnetic resonance imaging were performed before and after training. Results: The results suggested that OT exhibited no significant effect on olfaction and cognitive function. Additionally, OT exhibited a positive effect on frontal lobe activation (left middle frontal gyrus and orbital-frontal cortex) but exhibited no effect on grey matter volume. Moreover, the change of olfactory scores was positively associated with the change of frontal activation. Conclusion: OT was found to have a limited effect on olfaction and cognition in patients with MCI compared to a non-OT condition but increased their functional response to odors in frontal area. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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