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Objectives: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are strong immunomodulatory cells, and co-stimulation may play an im portant role in increasing the effects of MSCs on adaptive immune cells. Preconditioning may add to the effectivenessof MSCs. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the costimulatory ligand expressions of MSCs precondi tioned with inflammatory cytokines. Methods: MSCs were preconditioned with interferon gamma (IFN-?), interleukin (IL) 4 (IL-4), and IL-10, and changes inCD80, CD86, CD137L, CD252, CD274, CD275, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II expressions were ana lyzed using flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods. Human acute monocytic leukemiacell line (THP-1) macrophages preconditioned under the same conditions served as a control for comparison. Results: The frequencies of CD80 (p=0.0003), CD86 (p |
