Flow-Induced Crystallization of Collagen: A Potentially Critical Mechanism in Early Tissue Formation
| Autor: | Seyed Mohammad Siadat, Ebraheim N. Ismail, Monica E. Susilo, Jayson L. Stoner, Jonathan P. Rothstein, Jeffrey A. Paten, Jeffrey W. Ruberti |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Materials science Orders of magnitude (temperature) General Physics and Astronomy Nanotechnology 02 engineering and technology Collagen Type I law.invention 03 medical and health sciences Tissue engineering law Animals General Materials Science Crystallization Nanoscopic scale Microscale chemistry Tissue Engineering Tension (physics) General Engineering 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Extracellular Matrix 030104 developmental biology Biophysics Self-assembly Collagen Stress Mechanical 0210 nano-technology Type I collagen |
| Zdroj: | ACS nano. 10(5) |
| ISSN: | 1936-086X |
| Popis: | The type I collagen monomer is one of nature's most exquisite and prevalent structural tools. Its 300 nm triple-helical motifs assemble into tough extracellular fibers that transition seamlessly across tissue boundaries and exceed cell dimensions by up to 4 orders of magnitude. In spite of extensive investigation, no existing model satisfactorily explains how such continuous structures are generated and grown precisely where they are needed (aligned in the path of force) by discrete, microscale cells using materials with nanoscale dimensions. We present a simple fiber drawing experiment, which demonstrates that slightly concentrated type I collagen monomers can be "flow-crystallized" to form highly oriented, continuous, hierarchical fibers at cell-achievable strain rates (1 s(-1)) and physiologically relevant concentrations (∼50 μM). We also show that application of tension following the drawing process maintains the structural integrity of the fibers. While mechanical tension has been shown to be a critical factor driving collagen fibril formation during tissue morphogenesis in developing animals, the precise role of force in the process of building tissue is not well understood. Our data directly couple mechanical tension, specifically the extensional strain rate, to collagen fibril assembly. We further derive a "growth equation" which predicts that application of extensional strains, either globally by developing muscles or locally by fibroblasts, can rapidly drive the fusion of already formed short fibrils to produce long-range, continuous fibers. The results provide a pathway to scalable connective tissue manufacturing and support a mechano-biological model of collagen fibril deposition and growth in vivo. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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