Molecular Epidemiology of A/H3N2 and A/H1N1 Influenza Virus during a Single Epidemic Season in the United States
Autor: | Rebecca A. Halpin, Alex Boyne, Mark A. Miller, Laurel Edelman, Elodie Ghedin, David J. Spiro, Lone Simonsen, Cécile Viboud, Martha I. Nelson, Jayati Bera, Edward C. Holmes |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2008 |
Předmět: |
Infectious Diseases/Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases
QH301-705.5 viruses Immunology Reassortment Zoology Genome Viral Biology medicine.disease_cause Microbiology History 21st Century Virus 03 medical and health sciences Influenza A Virus H1N1 Subtype Phylogenetics Virology Genetics and Genomics/Population Genetics Infectious Diseases/Viral Infections Influenza Human Genetics Influenza A virus medicine Antigenic variation Humans Biology (General) Clade Molecular Biology Phylogeny 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences Molecular Epidemiology Molecular epidemiology Phylogenetic tree 030306 microbiology Influenza A Virus H3N2 Subtype virus diseases RC581-607 Genetics and Genomics/Microbial Evolution and Genomics United States 3. Good health Parasitology Immunologic diseases. Allergy Research Article |
Zdroj: | PLoS Pathogens PLoS Pathogens, Vol 4, Iss 8, p e1000133 (2008) |
ISSN: | 1553-7374 1553-7366 |
Popis: | To determine the spatial and temporal dynamics of influenza A virus during a single epidemic, we examined whole-genome sequences of 284 A/H1N1 and 69 A/H3N2 viruses collected across the continental United States during the 2006–2007 influenza season, representing the largest study of its kind undertaken to date. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that multiple clades of both A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 entered and co-circulated in the United States during this season, even in localities that are distant from major metropolitan areas, and with no clear pattern of spatial spread. In addition, co-circulating clades of the same subtype exchanged genome segments through reassortment, producing both a minor clade of A/H3N2 viruses that appears to have re-acquired sensitivity to the adamantane class of antiviral drugs, as well as a likely antigenically distinct A/H1N1 clade that became globally dominant following this season. Overall, the co-circulation of multiple viral clades during the 2006–2007 epidemic season revealed patterns of spatial spread that are far more complex than observed previously, and suggests a major role for both migration and reassortment in shaping the epidemiological dynamics of human influenza A virus. Author Summary This study is the first of its kind to reconstruct the spread of an epidemic of influenza A virus across a single country, in this case the United States. In contrast to a single viral lineage spreading across this country, a phylogenetic analysis of the whole-genome sequences of more than 300 influenza A viruses of the A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 subtypes sampled from the 2006–2007 epidemic season reveals that multiple phenotypically and antigenically distinct viral lineages of entered and co-circulated in the US during this time. Furthermore, the widespread co-circulation of multiple lineages, even in geographically remote localities, allowed for frequent reassortment between influenza A viruses of the same subtype. Through reassortment, a minor lineage of A/H3N2 viruses surprisingly re-acquired sensitivity to the adamantane class of antiviral drugs, and a new A/H1N1 antigenic variant emerged that later became globally dominant. In sum, these results highlight the complexity of the spread of influenza A virus in time and space, and highlight the need for intensified global surveillance involving whole-genome sequence data. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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