Molecular Epidemiology of A/H3N2 and A/H1N1 Influenza Virus during a Single Epidemic Season in the United States

Autor: Rebecca A. Halpin, Alex Boyne, Mark A. Miller, Laurel Edelman, Elodie Ghedin, David J. Spiro, Lone Simonsen, Cécile Viboud, Martha I. Nelson, Jayati Bera, Edward C. Holmes
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2008
Předmět:
Infectious Diseases/Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases
QH301-705.5
viruses
Immunology
Reassortment
Zoology
Genome
Viral
Biology
medicine.disease_cause
Microbiology
History
21st Century
Virus
03 medical and health sciences
Influenza A Virus
H1N1 Subtype
Phylogenetics
Virology
Genetics and Genomics/Population Genetics
Infectious Diseases/Viral Infections
Influenza
Human
Genetics
Influenza A virus
medicine
Antigenic variation
Humans
Biology (General)
Clade
Molecular Biology
Phylogeny
030304 developmental biology
0303 health sciences
Molecular Epidemiology
Molecular epidemiology
Phylogenetic tree
030306 microbiology
Influenza A Virus
H3N2 Subtype
virus diseases
RC581-607
Genetics and Genomics/Microbial Evolution and Genomics
United States
3. Good health
Parasitology
Immunologic diseases. Allergy
Research Article
Zdroj: PLoS Pathogens
PLoS Pathogens, Vol 4, Iss 8, p e1000133 (2008)
ISSN: 1553-7374
1553-7366
Popis: To determine the spatial and temporal dynamics of influenza A virus during a single epidemic, we examined whole-genome sequences of 284 A/H1N1 and 69 A/H3N2 viruses collected across the continental United States during the 2006–2007 influenza season, representing the largest study of its kind undertaken to date. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that multiple clades of both A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 entered and co-circulated in the United States during this season, even in localities that are distant from major metropolitan areas, and with no clear pattern of spatial spread. In addition, co-circulating clades of the same subtype exchanged genome segments through reassortment, producing both a minor clade of A/H3N2 viruses that appears to have re-acquired sensitivity to the adamantane class of antiviral drugs, as well as a likely antigenically distinct A/H1N1 clade that became globally dominant following this season. Overall, the co-circulation of multiple viral clades during the 2006–2007 epidemic season revealed patterns of spatial spread that are far more complex than observed previously, and suggests a major role for both migration and reassortment in shaping the epidemiological dynamics of human influenza A virus.
Author Summary This study is the first of its kind to reconstruct the spread of an epidemic of influenza A virus across a single country, in this case the United States. In contrast to a single viral lineage spreading across this country, a phylogenetic analysis of the whole-genome sequences of more than 300 influenza A viruses of the A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 subtypes sampled from the 2006–2007 epidemic season reveals that multiple phenotypically and antigenically distinct viral lineages of entered and co-circulated in the US during this time. Furthermore, the widespread co-circulation of multiple lineages, even in geographically remote localities, allowed for frequent reassortment between influenza A viruses of the same subtype. Through reassortment, a minor lineage of A/H3N2 viruses surprisingly re-acquired sensitivity to the adamantane class of antiviral drugs, and a new A/H1N1 antigenic variant emerged that later became globally dominant. In sum, these results highlight the complexity of the spread of influenza A virus in time and space, and highlight the need for intensified global surveillance involving whole-genome sequence data.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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