Factors affecting superficial vein visibility at the upper limb in healthy young adults: A cross-sectional observational study
| Autor: | Yukari Nakajima, Mao Takahashi, Kanae Mukai, Asami Ishida, Moeka Kato, Toshio Nakatani, Taiga Fujii, Namiko Mori, Nanami Hashiba, Ayaka Yamanaka, Mihiro Tsuda |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty Skin Pigmentation Veins Upper Extremity Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences Sex Factors 0302 clinical medicine Phlebotomy Humans Medicine 030212 general & internal medicine Young adult Vein Invasive Procedure Ultrasonography Venipuncture 030504 nursing business.industry Visibility (geometry) Healthy Volunteers Surgery Cross-Sectional Studies medicine.anatomical_structure Spectrophotometry Nephrology cardiovascular system Upper limb Female Superficial vein Observational study 0305 other medical science business |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of Vascular Access. 21:900-907 |
| ISSN: | 1724-6032 1129-7298 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/1129729820909187 |
| Popis: | Objective: Venipuncture is an invasive procedure, and repeated puncture attempts may be uncomfortable or even traumatic for patients. Vein visibility is one of the most influential variables for the failure of venipuncture; however, the factors affecting vein visibility remain unclear. The present study was conducted to identify the factors influencing vein visibility at the upper limb in healthy young adults. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy volunteers were included. All measurements were performed at the right arm, right cubital fossa, and right forearm. The depth and cross-sectional area of superficial veins were measured by ultrasonography. Skin color was assessed by a spectrophotometer and quantified according to Commission International d’Eclairage L*a*b* values. Results: Invisible superficial veins were significantly deeper and had a larger cross-sectional area than visible superficial veins. Skin color b* of invisible superficial veins was significantly higher than that of visible superficial veins. Vein depth, skin color b*, and gender markedly affected superficial vein visibility at the upper limb. The cutoff for vein depth was 2.3 mm (area under the curve = 0.91). Conclusion: The present results confirmed that vein depth, skin color b*, and gender strongly influenced vein visibility at the upper limb. The cutoff for vein depth was 2.3 mm. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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