Retinal Degeneration and Alzheimer’s Disease: An Evolving Link

Autor: Neil A. Rana, Alexander E. Kritikos, Suman Chaudhary, Neena Singh, Vindhya Bellamkonda, Dallas McDonald, Rithvik V Ayyagari, Ajay Ashok, Aaron S. Wise
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Retinal degeneration
Retinal Ganglion Cells
genetic structures
Review
lcsh:Chemistry
Macular Degeneration
0302 clinical medicine
iron
oxidative stress
Cognitive decline
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Spectroscopy
reactive oxygen species
Retinal Degeneration
Brain
General Medicine
Computer Science Applications
medicine.anatomical_structure
Alzheimer’s disease
age related macular degeneration
tau Proteins
Drusen
Retinal ganglion
Neuroprotection
Protein Aggregation
Pathological
Catalysis
Retina
Inorganic Chemistry
03 medical and health sciences
Alzheimer Disease
medicine
Dementia
Humans
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Molecular Biology
Amyloid beta-Peptides
business.industry
Organic Chemistry
drusen
Glaucoma
Macular degeneration
medicine.disease
eye diseases
030104 developmental biology
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
inflammation
prion protein
sense organs
business
Neuroscience
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 7290, p 7290 (2020)
ISSN: 1422-0067
Popis: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma are degenerative conditions of the retina and a significant cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common dementia of the elderly, is often associated with AMD and glaucoma. The cardinal features of AD include extracellular accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and intracellular deposits of hyper-phosphorylated tau (p-tau). Neuroinflammation and brain iron dyshomeostasis accompany Aβ and p-tau deposits and, together, lead to progressive neuronal death and dementia. The accumulation of Aβ and iron in drusen, the hallmark of AMD, and Aβ and p-tau in retinal ganglion cells (RGC), the main retinal cell type implicated in glaucoma, and accompanying inflammation suggest overlapping pathology. Visual abnormalities are prominent in AD and are believed to develop before cognitive decline. Some are caused by degeneration of the visual cortex, while others are due to RGC loss or AMD-associated retinal degeneration. Here, we review recent information on Aβ, p-tau, chronic inflammation, and iron dyshomeostasis as common pathogenic mechanisms linking the three degenerative conditions, and iron chelation as a common therapeutic option for these disorders. Additionally discussed is the role of prion protein, infamous for prion disorders, in Aβ-mediated toxicity and, paradoxically, in neuroprotection.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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