Issues in assessing the health risks of n‐butanol
| Autor: | Ambuja S. Bale, Deborah Segal, Alan F. Sasso, Linda J. Phillips, Susan L. Makris, Paul M. Schlosser, C. Starkey |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Embryonic Development
Acetates 010501 environmental sciences Toxicology Nervous System Risk Assessment 01 natural sciences Article 03 medical and health sciences 1-Butanol Pregnancy Environmental health Toxicity Tests Animals Humans Medicine 030304 developmental biology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Developmental neurotoxicity 0303 health sciences business.industry Environmental Exposure Toxicokinetics Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Environmental Pollutants Female Neurotoxicity Syndromes lipids (amino acids peptides and proteins) business Risk assessment |
| Zdroj: | J Appl Toxicol |
| ISSN: | 1099-1263 0260-437X |
| Popis: | A literature review and health effects evaluation were conducted for n-butanol, a chemical that occurs naturally in some foods, is an intermediate in the production of butyl esters, and can be used as a gasoline additive or blend. Studies evaluating n-butyl acetate were included in the review as n-butyl acetate is rapidly converted to n-butanol following multiple routes of exposure. The primary n-butanol health effects identified were developmental and nervous system endpoints. In conducting the literature review and evaluating study findings, the following observations were made: (1) developmental findings (e.g., embryo/fetal loss, altered growth, or non-neurological structural alterations) were consistently identified; (2) neurodevelopmental findings (e.g., dilation of brain ventricles and subarachnoid space) were inconsistent; (3) evidence for nervous system effects was weak, and there were study quality issues; (4) comparing internal doses from oral and inhalation exposures using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models involves uncertainties due to the lack of oral pharmacokinetic data and a limited understanding of the toxicological mechanisms; and (5) a lack of mechanistic information for n-butanol resulted in the reliance on mechanistic data for ethanol, which may or may not be applicable to n-butanol. This paper presents the literature review findings on the health effects of n-butanol and proposes additional research that may help to reduce the uncertainty that exists due to database limitations. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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