Issues in assessing the health risks of n‐butanol

Autor: Ambuja S. Bale, Deborah Segal, Alan F. Sasso, Linda J. Phillips, Susan L. Makris, Paul M. Schlosser, C. Starkey
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Zdroj: J Appl Toxicol
ISSN: 1099-1263
0260-437X
DOI: 10.1002/jat.3820
Popis: A literature review and health effects evaluation were conducted for n-butanol, a chemical that occurs naturally in some foods, is an intermediate in the production of butyl esters, and can be used as a gasoline additive or blend. Studies evaluating n-butyl acetate were included in the review as n-butyl acetate is rapidly converted to n-butanol following multiple routes of exposure. The primary n-butanol health effects identified were developmental and nervous system endpoints. In conducting the literature review and evaluating study findings, the following observations were made: (1) developmental findings (e.g., embryo/fetal loss, altered growth, or non-neurological structural alterations) were consistently identified; (2) neurodevelopmental findings (e.g., dilation of brain ventricles and subarachnoid space) were inconsistent; (3) evidence for nervous system effects was weak, and there were study quality issues; (4) comparing internal doses from oral and inhalation exposures using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models involves uncertainties due to the lack of oral pharmacokinetic data and a limited understanding of the toxicological mechanisms; and (5) a lack of mechanistic information for n-butanol resulted in the reliance on mechanistic data for ethanol, which may or may not be applicable to n-butanol. This paper presents the literature review findings on the health effects of n-butanol and proposes additional research that may help to reduce the uncertainty that exists due to database limitations.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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