Modeling Relapse to Pavlovian Alcohol-Seeking in Rats Using Reinstatement and Spontaneous Recovery Paradigms
| Autor: | Mandy Rita LeCocq, Melanie Chahine, Soraya Lahlou, Nadia Chaudhri, Loreena Nadine Padillo |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Alcohol Drinking medicine.medical_treatment Conditioning Classical Drug-Seeking Behavior Intraperitoneal injection Spontaneous recovery Medicine (miscellaneous) Alcohol Stimulus (physiology) Toxicology Extinction Psychological 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Route of administration 0302 clinical medicine Recurrence medicine Animals Rats Long-Evans Alcohol seeking Ethanol business.industry Classical conditioning Rats 030227 psychiatry Psychiatry and Mental health chemistry Anesthesia business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 42:1795-1806 |
| ISSN: | 0145-6008 |
| Popis: | Background Animal models are critical for studying causal explanations of relapse. Using a Pavlovian conditioning procedure with alcohol, we examined relapse after extinction triggered by either re-exposure to alcohol (reinstatement) or a delay between extinction and test (spontaneous recovery). Methods Male, Long-Evans rats were acclimated to 15% alcohol in the home-cage using an intermittent-access 2-bottle choice procedure. Next, they received Pavlovian conditioning sessions in which an auditory-conditioned stimulus (CS; 20 second white noise; 8 trials/session; variable time 240 seconds) was paired with 15% alcohol (0.3 ml/CS; 2.4 ml/session) that was delivered into a fluid port for oral ingestion. In subsequent extinction and test sessions, CS presentations occurred as before, but without alcohol. Results In experiment 1, exposure to either alcohol or water in the fluid port following extinction reinstated CS-elicited port entries at test 24 hours later. In a follow-up study using the same procedure (experiment 2), reinstatement was more robustly stimulated by alcohol, compared to a familiar lemon-flavored liquid. In experiment 3, systemic alcohol injections (0, 0.5, or 1.0 g/kg, intraperitoneal) administered either 24 hours or 15 minutes before test did not reinstate CS-elicited alcohol-seeking. Importantly, enzymatic assays in experiment 4 revealed detectable levels of alcohol in the blood following oral alcohol intake or intraperitoneal injection, suggesting that a pharmacological effect was likely with either route of administration. Last, in experiment 5, a 23-day delay between extinction and test resulted in a robust spontaneous recovery of CS-elicited alcohol-seeking. Conclusions The reinstatement and spontaneous recovery effects revealed herein provide evidence of viable new behavioral paradigms for testing interventions against relapse. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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