A Closed-Loop Control Strategy for Air Conditioning Loads to Participate in Demand Response
| Autor: | Taylor Short, Shengchun Yang, Lei Zhou, Beibei Wang, Xiaoqing Hu |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
closed-loop control
Engineering thermostatically controlled loads Control and Optimization Power station Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment business.industry lcsh:T Energy Engineering and Power Technology Particle swarm optimization PID controller air conditioning peak load shifting Thermal energy storage Transfer function lcsh:Technology Demand response Air conditioning Control theory demand response Electrical and Electronic Engineering business Engineering (miscellaneous) Energy (miscellaneous) |
| Zdroj: | Energies Volume 8 Issue 8 Pages 8650-8681 Energies, Vol 8, Iss 8, Pp 8650-8681 (2015) |
| ISSN: | 1996-1073 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/en8088650 |
| Popis: | Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs), such as air conditioners (ACs), are important demand response resources—they have a certain heat storage capacity. A change in the operating status of an air conditioner in a small range will not noticeably affect the users’ comfort level. Load control of TCLs is considered to be equivalent to a power plant of the same capacity in effect, and it can significantly reduce the system pressure to peak load shift. The thermodynamic model of air conditioning can be used to study the aggregate power of a number of ACs that respond to the step signal of a temperature set point. This paper analyzes the influence of the parameters of each AC in the group to the indoor temperature and the total load, and derives a simplified control model based on the two order linear time invariant transfer function. Then, the stability of the model and designs its Proportional-Integral-Differential (PID) controller based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is also studied. The case study presented in this paper simulates both scenarios of constant ambient temperature and changing ambient temperature to verify the proposed transfer function model and control strategy can closely track the reference peak load shifting curves. The study also demonstrates minimal changes in the indoor temperature and the users’ comfort level. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|