High Leucine Diets Stimulate Cerebral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Degradation and Modify Serotonin and Ketone Body Concentrations in a Pig Model
| Autor: | Holger Kluge, Andreas Kiowski, Anna G. Wessels, Bettina König, Jörg Bartelt, Alexandra Schutkowski, Etienne Corrent, Frank Hirche, Gabriele I. Stangl |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine Swine lcsh:Medicine Ketone Bodies Biochemistry chemistry.chemical_compound Pig Models Medicine and Health Sciences Amino Acids Intestinal Mucosa lcsh:Science Musculoskeletal System Mammals Multidisciplinary 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid Organic Compounds Muscles Brain Agriculture Neurochemistry Valine Neurotransmitters Animal Models 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Keto Acids Muscle atrophy Chemistry medicine.anatomical_structure Liver Vertebrates Physical Sciences Models Animal Amino Acid Analysis Ketone bodies Female Anatomy Leucine medicine.symptom Research Article Biogenic Amines Serotonin medicine.medical_specialty Livestock Branched-chain amino acid Biology Research and Analysis Methods 03 medical and health sciences Model Organisms Internal medicine medicine Animals Isoleucine Molecular Biology Techniques Molecular Biology Nutrition Cardiac Muscles Molecular Biology Assays and Analysis Techniques Myocardium Organic Chemistry lcsh:R Organisms Chemical Compounds 0402 animal and dairy science Tryptophan Biology and Life Sciences Proteins Skeletal muscle 040201 dairy & animal science Diet 030104 developmental biology Endocrinology Aliphatic Amino Acids chemistry Food lcsh:Q Amino Acids Branched-Chain Neuroscience |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 3, p e0150376 (2016) PLoS ONE |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| Popis: | In addition to its role as an essential protein component, leucine (Leu) displays several other metabolic functions such as activation of protein synthesis. This property makes it an interesting amino acid for the therapy of human muscle atrophy and for livestock production. However, Leu can stimulate its own degradation via the branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDH). To examine the response of several tissues to excessive Leu, pigs were fed diets containing two- (L2) and four-fold (L4) higher Leu contents than the recommended amount (control). We found that the L4 diet led to a pronounced increase in BCKDH activity in the brain (2.5-fold, P < 0.05), liver (1.8-fold, P < 0.05) and cardiac muscle (1.7-fold, P < 0.05), whereas we found no changes in enzyme activity in the pancreas, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and intestinal mucosa. The L2 diet had only weak effects on BCKDH activity. Both high Leu diets reduced the concentrations of free valine and isoleucine in nearly all tissues. In the brain, high Leu diets modified the amount of tryptophan available: for serotonin synthesis. Compared to the controls, pigs treated with the high Leu diets consumed less food, showed increased plasma concentrations of 3-hydroxybutyrate and reduced levels of circulating serotonin. In conclusion, excessive Leu can stimulate BCKDH activity in several tissues, including the brain. Changes in cerebral tryptophan, along with the changes in amino acid-derived metabolites in the plasma may limit the use of high Leu diets to treat muscle atrophy or to increase muscle growth. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|