Social information use and social information waste
| Autor: | Alberto Acerbi, Olivier Morin, Pierre O. Jacquet, K Krist Vaesen |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut Jean-Nicod (IJN), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Philosophie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives & Computationnelles (LNC2), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), Brunel University London [Uxbridge], Philosophy & Ethics, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Lods, Marie |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Social psychology (sociology)
advice-taking SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Cognitive Psychology judge-advisor-system 050109 social psychology egocentric discounting Conformity social learning cultural evolution epistemic vigilance information cascades imitation [SCCO]Cognitive science Psychology Sociology 050207 economics Sociocultural evolution media_common Social influence bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Other Social and Behavioral Sciences bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology 050208 finance 05 social sciences SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics|Behavioral Economics bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics|Behavioral Economics Spite bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Social Psychology SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Information cascade Imitation Cognitive psychology bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics media_common.quotation_subject SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Social Psychology Psychology Social 050105 experimental psychology General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Social 0502 economics and business SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Other Social and Behavioral Sciences Humans 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences conformity Information Dissemination [SCCO] Cognitive science Social learning bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Cognitive Psychology Part II: Unravelling the Mechanisms Underlying Cultural Evolution Egocentric discounting bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Zdroj: | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Royal Society, The, 2021, 376 (1828), ⟨10.1098/rstb.2020.0052⟩ Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 376(1828):20200052. Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2021, 376 (1828), ⟨10.1098/rstb.2020.0052⟩ |
| ISSN: | 1471-2970 0962-8436 |
| DOI: | 10.1098/rstb.2020.0052 |
| Popis: | Social information is immensely valuable. Yet we waste it. The information we get from observing other humans and from communicating with them is a cheap and reliable informational resource. It is considered the backbone of human cultural evolution. Theories and models focused on the evolution of social learning show the great adaptive benefits of evolving cognitive tools to process it. In spite of this, human adults in the experimental literature use social information quite inefficiently: they do not take it sufficiently into account. A comprehensive review of the literature on five experimental tasks documented 45 studies showing social information waste, and four studies showing social information being over-used. These studies cover ‘egocentric discounting’ phenomena as studied by social psychology, but also include experimental social learning studies. Social information waste means that human adults fail to give social information its optimal weight. Both proximal explanations and accounts derived from evolutionary theory leave crucial aspects of the phenomenon unaccounted for: egocentric discounting is a pervasive effect that no single unifying explanation fully captures. Cultural evolutionary theory's insistence on the power and benefits of social influence is to be balanced against this phenomenon. 1. Introduction 2. How much does social information weigh in our decisions? (a) The advice-taking paradigm (b) Two-armed bandit problems with social learning (c) ‘Virtual arrowhead’ experiments (d) Cue-based learning (e) Ball-and-urn tas 3. Proximate explanations for egocentric discounting (a) Lack of ecological validity (b) Culture (c) Access to reasons (d) Task engagement (e) An anchoring effect in advice-taking tasks (f ) Low exploration rates in ‘bandit’ and ‘arrowhead’ tasks 4. Evolutionary explanations for egocentric discounting (a) Epistemic vigilance (b) A producer–scrounger dilemma for information use 5. Conclusion |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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