Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Combined with Microwave Demulsification for Determination of FAME Residuals in Biodiesel Wastewater

Autor:	Xiu-Gui Fang, Guo-Wei Yu, Zuguang Li, Maw-Rong Lee, Jing Nie, Xia-Jun Wang, Zhao Yiping, Peng Wang
Rok vydání:	2020
Předmět:	Liquid Phase Microextraction 02 engineering and technology Wastewater 01 natural sciences Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analytical Chemistry Limit of Detection Microwaves Detection limit Biodiesel Chromatography Chemistry Fatty Acids 010401 analytical chemistry Extraction (chemistry) Reproducibility of Results Esters General Medicine Transesterification 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 0104 chemical sciences Standard curve Biofuel Biofuels Linear Models Sewage treatment 0210 nano-technology Water Pollutants Chemical
Zdroj:	Journal of Chromatographic Science. 58:976-984
ISSN:	1945-239X 0021-9665
Popis:	Biodiesel consists of various fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) that are mainly produced through transesterification of plant oil or animal fat. It is essential for biodiesel to be purified utmostly to meet its product standard before being traded, while the universal purification method has been water washing. However, water washing inevitably causes the residual of FAMEs in wastewater, which represents a loss of industrial profits. For the purpose of determination and monitoring of the FAME profile in wastewater, there is a necessity to develop a fast and reliable approach with small volume of sample in need. Hence, in this study, a combination of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and microwave demulsification is applied for the enrichment of residual FAMEs in water, followed by qualitative and quantitative analyses using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the optimal extractant in DLLME approach is toluene. And the optimal parameters are 20 mL of water sample, 80 μL of toluene as the extractant, 60 s of ultrasonic irradiation duration, 200 W of microwave power and 2 min of microwave irradiation duration. The standard curves and linear equations obtained with these conditions are used for the quantitative analysis of biodiesel wastewater, which reveals that there was 50.35 mg·L−1 of the total FAME residuals in wastewater. To the best of our knowledge, it is for the first time that the combined technique of DLLME and microwave demulsification is applied in determination of residual FAMEs in water samples. The proposed method corresponds to small volumes of sample and extractant and short analytical period. It also has the potential to be extended to the analysis of other water pollutants.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::99ef71bb757bce23e760b4d526daa9ed https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmaa062 Zobrazit plný text záznamu Plný text ve formátu PDF Plný text ve formátu HTML
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