Clinical evaluation and biochemical analyses of thiamine deficiency in Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) maintained at a zoological facility
| Autor: | Cecilia R Giulivi, Birgit Puschner, Judy St. Leger, Lara A. Croft, Danielle Sakaguchi, Scott Gearhart, Eleonora Napoli, Connie Hung, Alex Lin, Sarah Wong, Kathy Heym |
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| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Pathology medicine.medical_specialty Mitochondrial DNA Neurologic Signs Phoca Biology DNA Mitochondrial chemistry.chemical_compound Pregnancy medicine Animals Lactation Veterinary Sciences Thiamine Animal Husbandry Muscle Skeletal Thiamine deficiency Dietary Fish General Veterinary Fishes food and beverages Thiamine Deficiency Thiaminase Skeletal DNA biology.organism_classification Animal Feed Mitochondrial Diet Thiaminase activity chemistry Zoo Muscle Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Animals Zoo Female Clinical evaluation human activities |
| Zdroj: | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, vol 243, iss 8 |
| ISSN: | 1943-569X |
| Popis: | Objective—To determine thiamine-dependent enzyme activities in various tissue samples of Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and thiaminase activities in dietary fish. Design—Cross-sectional study. Animals—11 Pacific harbor seals with thiamine deficiency and 5 control seals. Procedures—Seals underwent evaluation to rule out various diseases and exposure to toxins. For seals that died, measurement of thiamine-dependent enzymes in liver and brain samples and determination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in liver, brain, and muscle samples were performed. Thiaminase activity in dietary fish was determined. Results—8 seals with thiamine deficiency died. Affected seals typically had acute neurologic signs with few nonspecific findings detected by means of clinicopathologic tests and histologic examination of tissue samples. Thiamine-dependent enzyme activities in liver samples of affected seals were significantly lower than those in control liver samples. The primary activation ratios and latencies for enzymes indicated that brain tissue was more affected by thiamine deficiency than liver tissue. Activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase were more affected by thiamine deficiency than those of transketolase and ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. For control seals, the mtDNA copy number in muscle samples was significantly lower than that for affected seals; conversely, the copy number in control liver samples was significantly greater than that of affected seals. Thiaminase activity was substantially higher in smelt than it was in other types of dietary fish. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of analyses in this study confirmed a diagnosis of thiamine deficiency for affected seals resulting from high thiaminase activity in dietary fish, inadequate vitamin administration, and increased thiamine demand caused by pregnancy and lactation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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