The global distribution of Bacillus anthracis and associated anthrax risk to humans, livestock and wildlife
| Autor: | Wayne M. Getz, Kathleen A. Alexander, Mark Fegan, Colin J. Carlson, Martin Hugh-Jones, Todd K. Shury, Ian T. Kracalik, Tasha Epp, Brett T. Elkin, Noam Ross, Mehriban Bagirova, Jason K. Blackburn, Wenyi Zhang |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
2.2 Factors relating to physical environment Animal Diseases Disease Outbreaks Risk Factors Models Grazing Environmental Microbiology 0303 health sciences education.field_of_study biology Geography Bacillus anthracis Infectious Diseases Livestock Public Health Risk assessment Infection Microbiology (medical) Immunology Population Wildlife Wild Animals Wild Microbiology Models Biological Risk Assessment Anthrax Vaccine Related 03 medical and health sciences Rare Diseases Environmental health Biodefense Genetics medicine Animals Humans education Epizootic 030304 developmental biology 030306 microbiology business.industry Prevention fungi Outbreak Cell Biology biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Biological Emerging Infectious Diseases business |
| Zdroj: | Nature microbiology, vol 4, iss 8 |
| Popis: | Bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium responsible for anthrax, an acute infection that most significantly affects grazing livestock and wild ungulates, but also poses a threat to human health. The geographic extent of B. anthracis is poorly understood, despite multi-decade research on anthrax epizootic and epidemic dynamics; many countries have limited or inadequate surveillance systems, even within known endemic regions. Here, we compile a global occurrence dataset of human, livestock and wildlife anthrax outbreaks. With these records, we use boosted regression trees to produce a map of the global distribution of B. anthracis as a proxy for anthrax risk. We estimate that 1.83 billion people (95% credible interval (CI): 0.59-4.16 billion) live within regions of anthrax risk, but most of that population faces little occupational exposure. More informatively, a global total of 63.8 million poor livestock keepers (95% CI: 17.5-168.6 million) and 1.1 billion livestock (95% CI: 0.4-2.3 billion) live within vulnerable regions. Human and livestock vulnerability are both concentrated in rural rainfed systems throughout arid and temperate land across Eurasia, Africa and North America. We conclude by mapping where anthrax risk could disrupt sensitive conservation efforts for wild ungulates that coincide with anthrax-prone landscapes. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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