Cancer incidence and mortality in the USA Astronaut Corps, 1959-2017
| Autor: | Mark P. Little, S. R. Blattnig, Steven M Day, Jacqueline Charvat, Janice L. Huff, Robert J Reynolds, Zarana S. Patel |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male medicine.medical_specialty Lung Neoplasms Colorectal cancer Population 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases 03 medical and health sciences Prostate cancer 0302 clinical medicine Internal medicine Neoplasms Occupational Exposure medicine Humans Mortality education Lung cancer Melanoma Aged education.field_of_study business.industry Mortality rate Incidence (epidemiology) Incidence Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Cancer Prostatic Neoplasms Middle Aged Space Flight medicine.disease 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Cohort Colonic Neoplasms Astronauts Female business |
| Zdroj: | Occupational and environmental medicine. 78(12) |
| ISSN: | 1470-7926 |
| Popis: | ObjectivesCancer incidence and mortality are important outcomes in the surveillance of long-term astronaut health. We compare cancer incidence rates, cancer-specific mortality rates, and cancer case-fatality ratios in US astronauts with those in the US general population.MethodsWe use standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) to index the incidence and mortality of various cancers against rates in the US general population, from the US astronaut cohort inception in April 1959 through 31 December 2017. We compare the lethality of these cancers using the relative case-fatality ratio.ResultsOverall cancer incidence and mortality were slightly lower than expected from national rates with SIR 82 (95% CI 63 to 104) and SMR 72 (95% CI 44 to 111) with a modest 14% reduction in case-fatality ratio. Prostate cancer and melanoma skin cancer had significant increases in incidence, with SIR of 162 (95% CI 109 to 232) and 252 (95% CI 126 to 452), respectively, though only melanoma had a significant increase in mortality, with SMR 508 (95% CI 105 to 1485). Lung cancer had a significant deficit of both cases and deaths, while colon cancer had sizeable (but not significant) reductions in incidence and mortality.ConclusionsThe increase in incidence of melanoma is consistent with that observed in aircraft pilots, suggesting this may be associated with ultraviolet radiation or lifestyle factors rather than any astronaut-specific exposure. Reductions in lung cancer incidence and mortality, and trends towards such reductions in colon cancer, may be explained in part by healthy lifestyle, as well as differential screening among astronauts. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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