A comprehensive guide to the pharmacologic regulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor
| Autor: | Murat Oz, Nadine Kabbani, Dietrich E. Lorke |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
MAP mitogen-activated protein Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Disease medicine.disease_cause Bioinformatics Renin-Angiotensin System ACE Angiotensin I converting enzyme 0302 clinical medicine ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase S protein spike protein Pharmacology (medical) ACE-Inh. Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor NOS nitric oxide synthase T2DM Type 2 diabetes mellitus Coronavirus Ang-II Angiotensin II IBD inflammatory bowel disease DABK [des-Arg9]-bradykinin ADAM17 A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 17 COPD chronic obstructive lung disease 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 AT1-R Angiotensin II type 1-receptor Steroids Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 BK bradykinin TCM Traditional Chinese medicine MRB Mineralocorticoid receptor blocker HS heparan sulfate 25HC 25-hydroxycholesterol COVID-19 Coronavirus disease-2019 Article SARS-CoV Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus CH25H cholesterol-25-hydroxylase NSAID Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug ARB Angiotensin II type 1-receptor blocker SIRT1 Sirtuin 1 03 medical and health sciences Downregulation and upregulation Viral entry Diabetes mellitus ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome Renin–angiotensin system medicine Animals Humans HSPG heparan sulfate proteoglycan UFH unfractionated heparin TMPRSS2 Transmembrane protease serine 2 CCB Calcium channel blockers Pharmacology SARS-CoV-2 βARB β-adrenergic receptor blockers business.industry MERS Middle East respiratory syndrome TNF Tumor necrosis factor COVID-19 medicine.disease SH spontaneously hypertensive COVID-19 Drug Treatment COX cyclooxygenase AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase 030104 developmental biology Heart failure RAS Renin-angiotensin system Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors business |
| Zdroj: | Pharmacology & Therapeutics |
| ISSN: | 0163-7258 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107750 |
| Popis: | The recent emergence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic has prompted scientists to address an urgent need for defining mechanisms of disease pathology and treatment. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent for COVID-19, employs angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its primary target for cell surface attachment and likely entry into the host cell. Thus, understanding factors that may regulate the expression and function of ACE2 in the healthy and diseased body is critical for clinical intervention. Over 66% of all adults in the United States are currently using a prescription drug and while earlier findings have focused on possible upregulation of ACE2 expression through the use of renin angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, mounting evidence suggests that various other widely administered drugs used in the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemias, coagulation disorders, and pulmonary disease may also present a varied risk for COVID-19. Specifically, we summarize mechanisms on how heparin, statins, steroids and phytochemicals, besides their established therapeutic effects, may also interfere with SARS-CoV-2 viral entry into cells. We also describe evidence on the effect of several vitamins, phytochemicals, and naturally occurring compounds on ACE2 expression and activity in various tissues and disease models. This comprehensive review aims to provide a timely compendium on the potential impact of commonly prescribed drugs and pharmacologically active compounds on COVID-19 pathology and risk through regulation of ACE2 and RAS signaling. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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