Expectations Do Not Alter Early Sensory Processing during Perceptual Decision-Making
| Autor: | Sirawaj Itthipuripat, Nuttida Rungratsameetaweemana, Annalisa Salazar, John T. Serences |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Male
1.2 Psychological and socioeconomic processes Electroencephalography Medical and Health Sciences 0302 clinical medicine Discrimination Psychological Discrimination Attention cognitive control media_common medicine.diagnostic_test General Neuroscience 05 social sciences Brain Cognition medicine.anatomical_structure Perceptual decision Neurological Negative potential Visual Perception Female Mental health Psychology electroencephalography Cognitive psychology media_common.quotation_subject 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning Decision Making Sensory system sensory modulation Stimulus (physiology) Basic Behavioral and Social Science 050105 experimental psychology 03 medical and health sciences Young Adult Clinical Research Underpinning research Perception Behavioral and Social Science medicine Humans 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision Motivation Neurology & Neurosurgery Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Neurosciences decision-making Brain Disorders Visual cortex Psychological 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Photic Stimulation expectation |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, vol 38, iss 24 |
| Popis: | Two factors play important roles in shaping perception: the allocation of selective attention to behaviorally relevant sensory features, and prior expectations about regularities in the environment. Signal detection theory proposes distinct roles of attention and expectation on decision-making such that attention modulates early sensory processing, whereas expectation influences the selection and execution of motor responses. Challenging this classic framework, recent studies suggest that expectations about sensory regularities enhance the encoding and accumulation of sensory evidence during decision-making. However, it is possible, that these findings reflect well documented attentional modulations in visual cortex. Here, we tested this framework in a group of male and female human participants by examining how expectations about stimulus features (orientation and color) and expectations about motor responses impacted electroencephalography (EEG) markers of early sensory processing and the accumulation of sensory evidence during decision-making (the early visual negative potential and the centro-parietal positive potential, respectively). We first demonstrate that these markers are sensitive to changes in the amount of sensory evidence in the display. Then we show, counter to recent findings, that neither marker is modulated by either feature or motor expectations, despite a robust effect of expectations on behavior. Instead, violating expectations about likely sensory features and motor responses impacts posterior alpha and frontal theta oscillations, signals thought to index overall processing time and cognitive conflict. These findings are inconsistent with recent theoretical accounts and suggest instead that expectations primarily influence decisions by modulating post-perceptual stages of information processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Expectations about likely features or motor responses play an important role in shaping behavior. Classic theoretical frameworks posit that expectations modulate decision-making by biasing late stages of decision-making including the selection and execution of motor responses. In contrast, recent accounts suggest that expectations also modulate decisions by improving the quality of early sensory processing. However, these effects could instead reflect the influence of selective attention. Here we examine the effect of expectations about sensory features and motor responses on a set of electroencephalography (EEG) markers that index early sensory processing and later post-perceptual processing. Counter to recent empirical results, expectations have little effect on early sensory processing but instead modulate EEG markers of time-on-task and cognitive conflict. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|