Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cognitive dysfunction in children
| Autor: | Frederica P. Perera, Elzbieta Mroz, John D. Spengler, Ryszard Jacek, Maria Butscher, Wieslaw Jedrychowski, Agata Sowa, Elzbieta Flak, Renata Majewska, David Camann |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Breastfeeding 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Tobacco smoke Toxicology DNA Adducts Pregnancy Epidemiologic study Longitudinal Studies Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Child Children 2. Zero hunger 0303 health sciences Air Pollutants Obstetrics Wechsler Scales Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale General Medicine Pollution 3. Good health Breast Feeding Maternal Exposure Cord blood Child Preschool Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Regression Analysis Female Cognitive function Research Article medicine.medical_specialty Prenatal PAH exposure 03 medical and health sciences Sex Factors medicine Environmental Chemistry Animals Humans 030304 developmental biology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences business.industry Infant medicine.disease Confidence interval 13. Climate action Relative risk Tobacco Smoke Pollution Poland business Cognition Disorders Breast feeding |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Science and Pollution Research International |
| Popis: | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental pollutants produced by combustion of fossil fuel and other organic materials. Both experimental animal and human studies have reported the harmful impacts of PAH compounds on fetal growth and neurodevelopment, including verbal IQ of children. Here, we have assessed the association between cognitive function of children and prenatal PAH exposures. The study is part of an ongoing, longitudinal investigation of the health effects of prenatal exposure to air pollution on infants and children in Krakow, Poland. The subjects in this report included 170 children whose mothers were enrolled to the study in the first or second trimester of pregnancy whose cord blood were tested for PAH-DNA adducts and who were assessed at age 7 using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R). The outcome of a priori interest was depressed verbal IQ index (DepVIQ), which is the difference between WISC-R performance and verbal IQ scores. Prenatal PAH exposure was measured by cord blood PAH-DNA adducts, an individual dosimeter, integrating exposure from various sources of exposure over the gestational period. The estimated effect of prenatal PAH exposure on cognitive function was adjusted in multivariable regression for a set of potential confounders (child's gender, parity, maternal education, breastfeeding practice, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and postnatal PAH exposure). The prevalence of DepVIQ was significantly higher in children with detectable PAH-DNA adducts compared to those with undetectable adducts (13.7 vs. 4.4 %,). Binary multivariable regression documented that the relative risk of DepVIQ increased threefold with a ln-unit increase in cord blood adducts (relative risk (RR) = 3.0, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.3-6.8). Postnatal PAH exposure also increased the risk of DepVIQ (RR = 1.6, 95 % CI 1.1-2.5). Long-term exclusive breastfeeding (at least 6 months) showed a protective effect (RR = 0.3, 95 % CI 0.1-0.9). In conclusion, these results provide further evidence that PAHs are harmful to the developing fetal brain with effects extending through childhood, with implications for the academic success of the children. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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