New concepts in the evaluation of biodegradation/persistence of chemical substances using a microbial inoculum
| Autor: | Han Blok, Armand Maul, Gérald Thouand, Marie-José Durand, Christian Gancet |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Université Paul Verlaine - Metz (UPVM), NAnotUbes et écoToxIcoLogiE - NAUTILE (France), Arkema (Arkema), Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications de Metz (LMAM), Université Paul Verlaine - Metz (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] probability 0211 other engineering and technologies lcsh:QR1-502 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Biology 01 natural sciences Microbiology biodegradation lcsh:Microbiology Persistence (computer science) Cell density Carbon source ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS 0105 earth and related environmental sciences 021110 strategic defence & security studies evaluation business.industry [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering Authorization Total cell persistence Biodegradation Pulp and paper industry Biotechnology 13. Climate action Perspective Article business inoculum |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers Media, 2011, 2, ⟨10.3389/fmicb.2011.00164⟩ Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 2 (2011) |
| ISSN: | 1664-302X |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00164⟩ |
| Popis: | The European REACH Regulation (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization of CHemical substances) implies, among other things, the evaluation of the biodegradability of chemical substances produced by industry. A large set of test methods is available including detailed information on the appropriate conditions for testing. However, the inoculum used for these tests constitutes a “black box.” If biodegradation is achievable from the growth of a small group of specific microbial species with the substance as the only carbon source, the result of the test depends largely on the cell density of this group at “time zero.” If these species are relatively rare in an inoculum that is normally used, the likelihood of inoculating a test with sufficient specific cells becomes a matter of probability. Normally this probability increases with total cell density and with the diversity of species in the inoculum. Furthermore the history of the inoculum, e.g., a possible pre-exposure to the test substance or similar substances will have a significant influence on the probability. A high probability can be expected for substances that are widely used and regularly released into the environment, whereas a low probability can be expected for new xenobiotic substances that have not yet been released into the environment. Be that as it may, once the inoculum sample contains sufficient specific degraders, the performance of the biodegradation will follow a typical S shaped growth curve which depends on the specific growth rate under laboratory conditions, the so called F/M ratio (ratio between food and biomass) and the more or less toxic recalcitrant, but possible, metabolites. Normally regulators require the evaluation of the growth curve using a simple approach such as half-time. Unfortunately probability and biodegradation half-time are very often confused. As the half-time values reflect laboratory conditions which are quite different from environmental conditions (after a substance is released), these values should not be used to quantify and predict environmental behavior. The probability value could be of much greater benefit for predictions under realistic conditions. The main issue in the evaluation of probability is that the result is not based on a single inoculum from an environmental sample, but on a variety of samples. These samples can be representative of regional or local areas, climate regions, water types, and history, e.g., pristine or polluted. The above concept has provided us with a new approach, namely “Probabio.” With this approach, persistence is not only regarded as a simple intrinsic property of a substance, but also as the capability of various environmental samples to degrade a substance under realistic exposure conditions and F/M ratio. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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