The consistency of disjunctive assertions
| Autor: | Phil Johnson-Laird, Max Lotstein, Ruth M. J. Byrne |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Logic
media_common.quotation_subject Decision Making Illusion Association Learning Inference Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Exclusive or Consistency (knowledge bases) Illusions Linguistics Semantics Focus (linguistics) Conjunction (grammar) Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Phenomenon Falsity Humans Probability Learning Psychology Problem Solving media_common |
| Zdroj: | Memory & Cognition. 40:769-778 |
| ISSN: | 1532-5946 0090-502X |
| Popis: | In two experiments, we established a new phenomenon in reasoning from disjunctions of the grammatical form either A or else B, where A and B are clauses. When individuals have to assess whether pairs of assertions can be true at the same time, they tend to focus on the truth of each clause of an exclusive disjunction (and ignore the concurrent falsity of the other clause). Hence, they succumb to illusions of consistency and of inconsistency with pairs consisting of a disjunction and a conjunction (Experiment 1), and with simpler problems consisting of pairs of disjunctions, such as eIther there is a pie or else there is a cake and Either there isn't a pie or else there is a cake (Experiment 2), that appear to be consistent with one another, but in fact are not. These results corroborate the theory that reasoning depends on envisaging models of possibilities. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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