Observational learning of fear in real time procedure
| Autor: | Andreas Olsson, Ewelina Knapska, Michał Szczepanik, Marek Wypych, Anna M. Kaźmierowska, Jarosław M. Michałowski |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Conditioning Classical Emotions lcsh:Medicine Stimulus (physiology) Audiology Fear-potentiated startle Article 050105 experimental psychology Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Emotional reaction Human behaviour Conditioning Psychological Avoidance Learning medicine Humans Observational learning 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Fear learning Fear conditioning lcsh:Science Emotion Multidisciplinary lcsh:R 05 social sciences Classical conditioning Fear Galvanic Skin Response Awareness lcsh:Q Observational study Psychology 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Neuroscience |
| Zdroj: | Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2020) Scientific Reports |
| ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
| Popis: | Learning to avoid threats often occurs by observing others. Most previous research on observational fear learning (OFL) in humans has used pre-recorded standardized video of an actor and thus lacked ecological validity. Here, we aimed to enhance ecological validity of the OFL by engaging participants in a real-time observational procedure (35 pairs of healthy male friends, age 18–27). One of the participants watched the other undergo a differential fear conditioning task, in which a conditioned stimulus (CS+) was paired with an aversive electric shock and another stimulus (CS−) was always safe. Subsequently, the CS+ and CS− were presented to the observer to test the OFL. While the friend’s reactions to the shock elicited strong skin conductance responses (SCR) in all observers, subsequent differential SCRs (CS+ > CS−) were found only when declarative knowledge of the CS+/US contingency (rated by the participants) was acquired. Contingency-aware observers also showed elevated fear potentiated startle responses during both CS+ and CS− compared to baseline. We conclude that our real-time procedure can be effectively used to study OFL. The procedure allowed for dissecting two components of the OFL: an automatic emotional reaction to the response of the demonstrator and learning about stimulus contingency. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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