A Review of the Cardiovascular and Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Ghrelin
| Autor: | Dimitri P. Mikhailidis, Manfredi Rizzo, Giuseppe Montalto, Ali A. Rizvi, Sanja Soskic, Mohamed Boutjdir, Milan Obradovic, Emina Sudar, Esma R. Isenovic |
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| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Cardiotonic Agents Hyperlipidemias 030209 endocrinology & metabolism Peptide hormone Biology Cardiovascular System 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Insulin resistance Internal medicine Diabetes mellitus Insulin Secretion Drug Discovery medicine Animals Humans Hypoglycemic Agents Insulin Antiatherogenic agent Hypolipidemic Agents 030304 developmental biology 2. Zero hunger Pharmacology 0303 health sciences Evidence-Based Medicine digestive oral and skin physiology Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Lipid Metabolism medicine.disease Ghrelin 3. Good health Endocrinology Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Cardiovascular Diseases Gastric Mucosa Hyperglycemia hormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonists Ghrelin secretion Hormone |
| Zdroj: | Current Pharmaceutical Design. 19:4953-4963 |
| ISSN: | 1381-6128 |
| DOI: | 10.2174/1381612811319270018 |
| Popis: | Ghrelin is a peptide hormone produced mainly in the stomach that has widespread tissue distribution and diverse hormonal, metabolic and cardiovascular activities. The circulating ghrelin concentration increases during fasting and decreases after food intake. Ghrelin secretion may thus be initiated by food intake and is possibly controlled by nutritional factors. Lean subjects have increased levels of circulating ghrelin compared with obese subjects. Recent reports show that low plasma ghrelin is associated with elevated fasting insulin levels, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Factors involved in the regulation of ghrelin secretion have not yet been defined; however, it is assumed that blood glucose levels represent a significant regulator. Recent evidence indicates that ghrelin can increase myocardial contractility, enhance vasodilatation, and has protective effect from myocardial damage. It has been shown that ghrelin may improve cardiac function through growth hormone (GH)-dependent mechanisms but there is also evidence to suggest that ghrelin's cardioprotective activity is independent of GH. Recent data demonstrate that ghrelin can influence key events in atherogenesis. Thus, ghrelin may be a new target for the treatment of some cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we consider the current literature focusing on ghrelin as a potential antiatherogenic agent in the treatment of various pathophysiological conditions. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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