Polygenic risk score for obesity and the quality, quantity, and timing of workplace food purchases: A secondary analysis from the ChooseWell 365 randomized trial
Autor: | Anne N. Thorndike, Douglas E. Levy, Richa Saxena, Jessica L. McCurley, Hassan S. Dashti, Marie-France Hivert |
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Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
Male
Central Nervous System Physiology Economics Social Sciences 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology Logistic regression Weight Gain Nervous System Body Mass Index 0302 clinical medicine Cognition Risk Factors Food choice Medicine and Health Sciences Medicine Psychology 030212 general & internal medicine Workplace biology General Medicine Middle Aged Quartile Physiological Parameters Female Anatomy Research Article Adult Employment Decision Making Cafeteria Health Promotion 03 medical and health sciences Food Preferences Statistical significance Food Quality Genetics Humans Genetic Predisposition to Disease Obesity Nutrition business.industry Body Weight Cognitive Psychology Biology and Life Sciences Odds ratio Consumer Behavior biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Diet Food Genetic Loci Labor Economics Cognitive Science business Body mass index Demography Boston Neuroscience |
Zdroj: | PLoS Medicine PLoS Medicine, Vol 17, Iss 7, p e1003219 (2020) |
ISSN: | 1549-1676 |
Popis: | Background The influence of genetic risk for obesity on food choice behaviors is unknown and may be in the causal pathway between genetic risk and weight gain. The aim of this study was to examine associations between genetic risk for obesity and food choice behaviors using objectively assessed workplace food purchases. Methods and findings This study is a secondary analysis of baseline data collected prior to the start of the “ChooseWell 365” health-promotion intervention randomized control trial. Participants were employees of a large hospital in Boston, MA, who enrolled in the study between September 2016 and February 2018. Cafeteria sales data, collected retrospectively for 3 months prior to enrollment, were used to track the quantity (number of items per 3 months) and timing (median time of day) of purchases, and participant surveys provided self-reported behaviors, including skipping meals and preparing meals at home. A previously validated Healthy Purchasing Score was calculated using the cafeteria traffic-light labeling system (i.e., green = healthy, yellow = less healthy, red = unhealthy) to estimate the healthfulness (quality) of employees’ purchases (range, 0%–100% healthy). DNA was extracted and genotyped from blood samples. A body mass index (BMI) genome-wide polygenic score (BMIGPS) was generated by summing BMI-increasing risk alleles across the genome. Additionally, 3 polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were generated with 97 BMI variants previously identified at the genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10−8): (1) BMI97 (97 loci), (2) BMICNS (54 loci near genes related to central nervous system [CNS]), and (3) BMInon-CNS (43 loci not related to CNS). Multivariable linear and logistic regression tested associations of genetic risk score quartiles with workplace purchases, adjusted for age, sex, seasonality, and population structure. Associations were considered significant at P < 0.05. In 397 participants, mean age was 44.9 years, and 80.9% were female. Higher genetic risk scores were associated with higher BMI. The highest quartile of BMIGPS was associated with lower Healthy Purchasing Score (−4.8 percentage points [95% CI −8.6 to −1.0]; P = 0.02), higher quantity of food purchases (14.4 more items [95% CI −0.1 to 29.0]; P = 0.03), later time of breakfast purchases (15.0 minutes later [95% CI 1.5–28.5]; P = 0.03), and lower likelihood of preparing dinner at home (Q4 odds ratio [OR] = 0.3 [95% CI 0.1–0.9]; P = 0.03) relative to the lowest BMIGPS quartile. Compared with the lowest quartile, the highest BMICNS quartile was associated with fewer items purchased (P = 0.04), and the highest BMInon-CNS quartile was associated with purchasing breakfast at a later time (P = 0.01), skipping breakfast (P = 0.03), and not preparing breakfast (P = 0.04) or lunch (P = 0.01) at home. A limitation of this study is our data come from a relatively small sample of healthy working adults of European ancestry who volunteered to enroll in a health-promotion study, which may limit generalizability. Conclusions In this study, genetic risk for obesity was associated with the quality, quantity, and timing of objectively measured workplace food purchases. These findings suggest that genetic risk for obesity may influence eating behaviors that contribute to weight and could be targeted in personalized workplace wellness programs in the future. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02660086. Hassan Dashti and colleagues investigate associations between genetic risk for obesity and food choice behaviors using workplace food purchases. Author summary Why was this study done? Genetics play a role in the development of obesity, yet the influence of genetic risk for obesity on food choice behaviors is not well understood. Workplace cafeteria purchasing data provided an opportunity for objective, real-time assessment of employees’ food choices. What did the researchers do and find? We conducted a secondary analysis of baseline data of cafeteria food purchases prior to the start of a workplace intervention in a health-promotion randomized control trial using data from 397 employees who accepted to provide DNA for genetic analyses. We observed that the highest quartile of a genome-wide polygenic score for body mass index (highest genetic risk for obesity) was associated with lower dietary quality of all purchases, higher quantity of food purchases, later time of breakfast purchases, and lower likelihood of preparing dinner at home relative to the lowest quartile. What do these findings mean? Genetic risk for obesity was associated with the quality, quantity, and timing of objectively measured workplace food purchases, suggesting that genetic risk for obesity may influence eating behaviors that contribute to weight. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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