Genetic structure of populations of whale sharks among ocean basins and evidence for their historic rise and recent decline

Autor: Michael L. Berumen, Thomas Vignaud, Champak Reddy Beeravolu, Serge Planes, Simon J. Pierce, Sandra Baksay, Ricardo Vázquez-Juárez, Dení Ramírez-Macías, Raphaël Leblois, Mark G. Meekan, David Rowat, Jeffrey Maynard
Přispěvatelé: Laboratoire d'excellence 'CORAIL', Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University, Origine, structure et évolution de la biodiversité (OSEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Australian Institute of Marine Science [Perth] (AIMS Perth), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Del Noroeste, Department of Plant Production (University of Milan), University of Milan, Marine Conservation Society Seychelles, Biology Department (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University [New York], Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), The UWA Oceans Institute, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste [Mexico] (CONACYT-CIBNOR), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Tiburon Ballena Mexico Proyecto Conciencia Mexico, Partenaires INRAE, Marine Megafauna Foundation, Wild Me, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Labex CORAIL, Ministere de l'Ecologie du Developpement Durable et de l'Energie, Ministere de l'Outre Mer, Fonds Pacifique, IFRECOR, Delegation a la recherche de Polynesie, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de Recherche en Agronomie, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Apache Energy Ltd, SeaWorld Research, Rescue Foundation Inc, Save our Seas Foundation, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife, EMARNAT-CONACYT, Whale Shark Mexico, Shark Foundation, Rufford Small Grant Foundation, PADI Foundation
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2014
Předmět:
Zdroj: Molecular Ecology
Molecular Ecology, Wiley, 2014, pp.2590-2601
Molecular Ecology, Wiley, 2014, 23 (10), pp.2590-2601. ⟨10.1111/mec.12754⟩
ISSN: 0962-1083
1365-294X
DOI: 10.1111/mec.12754⟩
Popis: International audience; This study presents genetic evidence that whale sharks, Rhincodon typus, are comprised of at least two populations that rarely mix and is the first to document a population expansion. Relatively high genetic structure is found when comparing sharks from the Gulf of Mexico with sharks from the Indo-Pacific. If mixing occurs between the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, it is not sufficient to counter genetic drift. This suggests whale sharks are not all part of a single global metapopulation. The significant population expansion we found was indicated by both microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA. The expansion may have happened during the Holocene, when tropical species could expand their range due to sea-level rise, eliminating dispersal barriers and increasing plankton productivity. However, the historic trend of population increase may have reversed recently. Declines in genetic diversity are found for 6 consecutive years at Ningaloo Reef in Australia. The declines in genetic diversity being seen now in Australia may be due to commercial-scale harvesting of whale sharks and collision with boats in past decades in other countries in the Indo-Pacific. The study findings have implications for models of population connectivity for whale sharks and advocate for continued focus on effective protection of the world's largest fish at multiple spatial scales.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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