Oxidation of cetirizine, fexofenadine and hydrochlorothiazide during ozonation: Kinetics and formation of transformation products
| Autor: | Marc Bourgin, Juliane Hollender, Ewa Borowska, Christa S. McArdell, Urs von Gunten, Cornelia Kienle |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
medicine.medical_treatment 0208 environmental biotechnology 02 engineering and technology Wastewater 010501 environmental sciences Tandem mass spectrometry 01 natural sciences Water Purification Ozone Reaction rate constant Hydrochlorothiazide Tandem Mass Spectrometry medicine Terfenadine Waste Management and Disposal 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology Civil and Structural Engineering Fexofenadine Chromatography Chemistry Ecological Modeling Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Pollution Cetirizine 020801 environmental engineering Kinetics Diuretic Oxidation-Reduction Water Pollutants Chemical Chlorothiazide Chromatography Liquid medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Water Research. 94:350-362 |
| ISSN: | 0043-1354 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.020 |
| Popis: | The efficiency of wastewater ozonation for the abatement of three nitrogen-containing pharmaceuticals, two antihistamine drugs, cetirizine (CTR) and fexofenadine (FXF), and the diuretic drug, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), was investigated. Species-specific second-order rate constants for the reactions of the molecular, protonated (CTR, FXF) or deprotonated (HCTZ) forms of these compounds with ozone were determined. All three compounds are very reactive with ozone (apparent second order rate constants at pH 7: kO3,pH7 = 1.7·10(5) M(-1)s(-1), 8.5·10(4) M(-1)s(-1) and 9.0·10(3) M(-1)s(-1) for CTR, HCTZ and FXF, respectively). Transformation product (TP) structures were elucidated using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, including isotope-labeled standards. For cetirizine and hydrochlorothiazide 8 TPs each and for fexofenadine 7 TPs were identified. The main TPs of cetirizine and fexofenadine are their respective N-oxides, whereas chlorothiazide forms to almost 100% from hydrochlorothiazide. In the bacteria bioluminescence assay the toxicity was slightly increased only during the ozonation of cetirizine at very high cetirizine concentrations. The main TPs detected in bench-scale experiments were also detected in full-scale ozonation of a municipal wastewater, for >90% elimination of the parent compounds. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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