Efficacy of Multivitamin/mineral Supplementation to Reduce Chronic Disease Risk: A Critical Review of the Evidence from Observational Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials
| Autor: | Giana Angelo, Balz Frei, Victoria J. Drake |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Aging medicine.medical_specialty Eye Diseases Disease Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering law.invention Randomized controlled trial law Neoplasms Internal medicine medicine Humans Prospective Studies Prospective cohort study Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic business.industry Incidence (epidemiology) Cancer Vitamins General Medicine medicine.disease Trace Elements Observational Studies as Topic Treatment Outcome Chronic disease Cardiovascular Diseases Chronic Disease Dietary Supplements Physical therapy Female Observational study Multivitamin business Food Science |
| Zdroj: | Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 55:1968-1991 |
| ISSN: | 1549-7852 1040-8398 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/10408398.2014.912199 |
| Popis: | We reviewed recent scientific evidence regarding the effects of multivitamin/mineral (MVM) supplements on risk of chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and age-related eye diseases. Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational, prospective cohort studies were examined. The majority of scientific studies investigating the use of MVM supplements in chronic disease risk reduction reported no significant effect. However, the largest and longest RCT of MVM supplements conducted to date, the Physicians' Health Study II (PHS II), found a modest and significant reduction in total and epithelial cancer incidence in male physicians, consistent with the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) trial. In addition, PHS II found a modest and significant reduction in the incidence of nuclear cataract, in agreement with several other RCTs and observational, prospective cohort studies. The effects of MVM use on other subtypes of cataract and age-related macular degeneration remain unclear. Neither RCTs nor prospective cohort studies are without their limitations. The placebo-controlled trial design of RCTs may be inadequate for nutrient interventions, and residual confounding, measurement error, and the possibility of reverse causality are inherent to any observational study. National surveys show that micronutrient inadequacies are widespread in the US and that dietary supplements, of which MVMs are the most common type, help fulfill micronutrient requirements in adults and children. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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