Human axillary skin condition is improved following incorporation of glycerol into the stratum corneum from an antiperspirant formulation
| Autor: | David S. Arnold, Graham Andrew Turner, Susan Bates, Teresa Robinson, Paul D. A. Pudney, Richard Livesey Evans, Eleanor Y. M. Bonnist, Robert E. Marriott, Darren M. Green |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Glycerol medicine.medical_specialty Skin Absorption Human skin Dermatology Absorption (skin) medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Double-Blind Method In vivo Antiperspirants medicine Stratum corneum Humans Skin Chromatography integumentary system 010401 analytical chemistry General Medicine Penetration (firestop) Middle Aged 0104 chemical sciences medicine.anatomical_structure chemistry Female Epidermis Irritation Ex vivo |
| Zdroj: | Archives of Dermatological Research. 309:739-748 |
| ISSN: | 1432-069X 0340-3696 |
| Popis: | The study objectives were to demonstrate that glycerol, when topically applied from a roll-on antiperspirant formulation, can be delivered directly to human skin ex vivo and the axillary stratum corneum (SC) in vivo, and to assess whether it improves the quality of the axillary skin barrier. Ex vivo human skin absorption of glycerol was measured following application of a roll-on antiperspirant formulation containing 4% 13C3-glycerol. Skin distribution of 13C3-glycerol over 24 h was assessed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. In vivo axillary SC penetration was measured by confocal Raman spectroscopy and multivariate curve-resolution software 1 h after topical application of a roll-on antiperspirant formulation containing 8% deuterated glycerol (d5-glycerol). A clinical study was conducted to determine the efficacy of a roll-on antiperspirant formulation containing 4% glycerol in reducing shaving-induced visual irritation and in increasing axillary-skin hydration. Ex vivo skin absorption studies indicated that the formulation delivered 13C3-glycerol into the SC at all timepoints over the 24-h period. In vivo Raman measurements (1 h after application) demonstrated that d5-glycerol was detectable to a depth of at least 10 μm in the axillary SC. Application of 4% glycerol from a roll-on antiperspirant formulation to the axilla was associated with significantly less visible irritation and greater skin hydration than observed with the control (glycerol-free) product. These studies demonstrate that glycerol, incorporated in a roll-on antiperspirant formulation, is delivered directly and rapidly to all depths of the axillary SC, and results in improvements in visible irritation and hydration in the axilla. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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