Apophenia as the Disposition to False Positives: A Unifying Framework for the Openness-Psychoticism Dimension
| Autor: | Julia Longenecker, Scott D. Blain, Bonnie Klimes-Dougan, Rachael G. Grazioplene, DeYoung Cg |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Personality and Creativity
PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Theories of Personality bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Quantitative Psychology Disposition PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Clinical Psychology PsyArXiv|Psychiatry Psychoticism mental disorders False positive paradox Openness to experience bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences|Medical Specialties|Psychiatry bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Social Psychology bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Personality and Social Contexts PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Quantitative Methods Apophenia Dimension (data warehouse) Psychology PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology Cognitive psychology PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Personality Disorders |
| Popis: | Positive symptoms of schizophrenia and its extended phenotype—often termed psychoticism or positive schizotypy—are characterized by the inclusion of novel, erroneous mental contents. One promising framework for explaining positive symptoms involves “apophenia,” conceptualized here as a disposition toward false positive errors. Apophenia and positive symptoms have shown relations to Openness to Experience, and all of these constructs involve tendencies toward pattern seeking. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated the relations between psychoticism and non-self-report indicators of apophenia, let alone the role of normal personality variation. The current research used structural equation models to test associations between psychoticism, openness, intelligence, and non-self-report indicators of apophenia comprising false positive error rates on a variety of computerized tasks. In Sample 1, 1193 participants completed digit identification, theory of mind, and emotion recognition tasks. In Sample 2, 195 participants completed auditory signal detection and semantic word association tasks. Openness and psychoticism were positively correlated. Self-reported psychoticism, openness, and their shared variance were positively associated with apophenia, as indexed by false positive error rates, whether or not intelligence was controlled for. Apophenia was not associated with other personality traits, and openness and psychoticism were not associated with false negative errors. Standardized regression paths from openness-psychoticism to apophenia were in the range of .61 to .75. Findings provide insights into the measurement of apophenia and its relation to personality and psychopathology. Apophenia and pattern seeking may be promising constructs for unifying openness with the psychosis spectrum and for providing an explanation of positive symptoms. Results are discussed in the context of possible adaptive characteristics of apophenia, as well as potential risk factors for the development of psychotic disorders. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|