Laboratory Testing Methods for Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)
| Autor: | Arthur W. Currier, Valerie B. Sampson, Roshan J. D'Cruz |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Isolation (health care) viruses coronavirus RT-PCR Disease Review medicine.disease_cause EIA 03 medical and health sciences Cell and Developmental Biology 0302 clinical medicine Pandemic medicine lcsh:QH301-705.5 Coronavirus business.industry Outbreak lateral flow diagnostics Cell Biology Gold standard (test) Virology 030104 developmental biology lcsh:Biology (General) 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Novel virus convalescent plasma business Viral load Developmental Biology |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol 8 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2296-634X |
| Popis: | Following the first reports of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) by China to the World Health Organization (WHO) on 31st December 2019, more than 4,302,774 novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases have been reported by authorities in 212 countries and territories by 12th May 2020. The outbreak and spread of COVID-19 worldwide, highlights the critical need for developing rapid and accurate diagnostic testing methods for emerging human coronavirus (CoV) infections. Testing is crucial to track the spread of disease during a pandemic, and to swiftly permit public health interventions including isolation, quarantine, and appropriate clinical management of afflicted individuals. The key components of viral diagnostic tests are (1) collection of the appropriate sample (blood, nasal swab, and throat swab), (2) availability of the genetic and proteomic sequences of the novel virus for analysis, and (3) rapid and accurate laboratory testing methods. The current gold standard for the molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the qualitative and quantitative detection of viral nucleic acids. Other relevant laboratory methods include enzyme-linked immunoassays (EIA) for viral antibody and antigen detection, and serum viral neutralization (SVN) assays for antibody neutralization determination. The challenges faced in developing a diagnostic test for a novel pathogen are the ability to measure low viral loads for early detection, to provide low or no cross-reactivity with other viral strains and to deliver results rapidly. Several point-of-care molecular devices are currently being integrated for fast and accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections. This review discusses the current laboratory methods available to test for coronaviruses by focusing on the present COVID-19 outbreak. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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