Rapid seeding of the viral reservoir prior to SIV viraemia in rhesus monkeys
| Autor: | James B. Whitney, Joseph Hesselgesser, Stephen Blackmore, Jerome H. Kim, Crystal Cabral, Erica N. Borducchi, Daniel I. S. Rosenbloom, Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster, Lauren Peter, Jennifer L. Shields, Jinyan Liu, Sheeba I. Mathew, Alison L. Hill, Merlin L. Robb, Srisowmya Sanisetty, Bei Li, Amanda L. Brinkman, Jillian Hattersley, Romas Geleziunas, Mayuri Shetty, Mark G. Lewis, Kaitlin M. Smith, Jeffrey Y. Smith, Dan H. Barouch, Lily Parenteau, Nelson L. Michael |
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| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Time Factors viruses Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Viremia Biology Virus Replication medicine.disease_cause Article Virus Immune system Proviruses medicine Animals Treatment Failure Multidisciplinary Rectum virus diseases Viral Load Simian immunodeficiency virus medicine.disease Macaca mulatta Virology 3. Good health Discontinuation Disease Models Animal Kinetics Anti-Retroviral Agents Viral replication Carrier State DNA Viral Immunology RNA Viral Female Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Lymph Viral load |
| Zdroj: | Nature |
| ISSN: | 1476-4687 0028-0836 |
| Popis: | The viral reservoir represents a critical challenge for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) eradication strategies. However, it remains unclear when and where the viral reservoir is seeded during acute infection and the extent to which it is susceptible to early antiretroviral therapy (ART). Here we show that the viral reservoir is seeded rapidly after mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus monkeys and before systemic viraemia. We initiated suppressive ART in groups of monkeys on days 3, 7, 10 and 14 after intrarectal SIVMAC251 infection. Treatment with ART on day 3 blocked the emergence of viral RNA and proviral DNA in peripheral blood and also substantially reduced levels of proviral DNA in lymph nodes and gastrointestinal mucosa as compared with treatment at later time points. In addition, treatment on day 3 abrogated the induction of SIV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Nevertheless, after discontinuation of ART following 24 weeks of fully suppressive therapy, virus rebounded in all animals, although the monkeys that were treated on day 3 exhibited a delayed viral rebound as compared with those treated on days 7, 10 and 14. The time to viral rebound correlated with total viraemia during acute infection and with proviral DNA at the time of ART discontinuation. These data demonstrate that the viral reservoir is seeded rapidly after intrarectal SIV infection of rhesus monkeys, during the 'eclipse' phase, and before detectable viraemia. This strikingly early seeding of the refractory viral reservoir raises important new challenges for HIV-1 eradication strategies. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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