Expression patterns of transcribed human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(HML-2) loci in human tissues and the need for a HERV Transcriptome Project
| Autor: | Christine Leib-Mösch, Oliver Frank, Eckart Meese, Wolfgang Seifarth, Bernd Kopper, Bernd Wullich, Nikolaus Müller-Lantzsch, Marlies Sauter, Alessia Ruggieri, Aline Flockerzi, Jens Mayer, Esther Maldener |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
DNA
Complementary lcsh:QH426-470 lcsh:Biotechnology viruses Endogenous retrovirus Biology Genome 570 Life sciences Transcriptome 610 Medical sciences Medicine Proviruses Viral Envelope Proteins Cell Line Tumor lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 Genetics Humans Breast Regulation of gene expression Expressed Sequence Tags Expressed sequence tag Base Sequence Genome Human Gene Expression Profiling Endogenous Retroviruses Brain Provirus Neoplasms Germ Cell and Embryonal Molecular biology Gene expression profiling Gene Expression Regulation Neoplastic lcsh:Genetics Gene Expression Regulation Human genome Research Article Biotechnology |
| Zdroj: | BMC Genomics 9:354 (2008) BMC Genomics, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 354 (2008) BMC Genomics |
| Popis: | Background A significant proportion of the human genome is comprised of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). HERV transcripts are found in every human tissue. Expression of proviruses of the HERV-K(HML-2) family has been associated with development of human tumors, in particular germ cell tumors (GCT). Very little is known about transcriptional activity of individual HML-2 loci in human tissues, though. Results By employing private nucleotide differences between loci, we assigned ~1500 HML-2 cDNAs to individual HML-2 loci, identifying, in total, 23 transcriptionally active HML-2 proviruses. Several loci are active in various human tissue types. Transcription levels of some HML-2 loci appear higher than those of other loci. Several HML-2 Rec-encoding loci are expressed in GCT and non-GCT tissues. A provirus on chromosome 22q11.21 appears strongly upregulated in pathologic GCT tissues and may explain high HML-2 Gag protein levels in GCTs. Presence of Gag and Env antibodies in GCT patients is not correlated with activation of individual loci. HML-2 proviruses previously reported capable of forming an infectious HML-2 variant are transcriptionally active in germ cell tissue. Our study furthermore shows that Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) data are insufficient to describe transcriptional activity of HML-2 and other HERV loci in tissues of interest. Conclusion Our, to date, largest-scale study reveals in greater detail expression patterns of individual HML-2 loci in human tissues of clinical interest. Moreover, large-scale, specialized studies are indicated to better comprehend transcriptional activity and regulation of HERVs. We thus emphasize the need for a specialized HERV Transcriptome Project. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|