Cladosporium fulvum Avr4 protects fungal cell walls against hydrolysis by plant chitinases accumulating during infection

Autor: Stuart J Harrison, Jacques Vervoort, Pierre J. G. M. de Wit, Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten, Harrold A. van den Burg
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2006
Předmět:
Physiology
cf-4-mediated resistance
Chitin
Passalora fulva
Biochemistry
chemistry.chemical_compound
Fusarium
Solanum lycopersicum
subcellular-localization
Cell Wall
race-specific elicitor
Plant Proteins
Trichoderma
chemistry.chemical_classification
biology
EPS-2
Hydrolysis
Chitinases
Trichoderma viride
food and beverages
General Medicine
avirulence gene
Cladosporium
Hypersensitive response
cf-2-dependent disease resistance
Virulence Factors
tomato leaves
Molecular Sequence Data
Hyphae
Biochemie
Polysaccharide
Microbiology
Fungal Proteins
Cell wall
protease inhibitor
Amino Acid Sequence
pathogenesis-related proteins
Plant Diseases
magnaporthe-grisea
fungi
biology.organism_classification
Protein Structure
Tertiary
Laboratorium voor Phytopathologie
Plant Leaves
chemistry
Chitinase
Laboratory of Phytopathology
biology.protein
Sequence Alignment
Agronomy and Crop Science
carbohydrate-binding modules
Zdroj: Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 19 (2006) 12
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 19(12), 1420-1430
ISSN: 0894-0282
Popis: Resistance against the leaf mold fungus Cladosporium fulvum is mediated by the tomato Cf proteins which belong to the class of receptor-like proteins and indirectly recognize extracellular avirulence proteins (Avrs) of the fungus. Apart from triggering disease resistance, Avrs are believed to play a role in pathogenicity or virulence of C. fulvum. Here, we report on the avirulence protein Avr4, which is a chitin-binding lectin containing an invertebrate chitin-binding domain (CBM14). This domain is found in many eukaryotes, but has not yet been described in fungal or plant genomes. We found that interaction of Avr4 with chitin is specific, because it does not interact with other cell wall polysaccharides. Avr4 binds to chitin oligomers with a minimal length of three N-acetyl glucosamine residues. In vitro, Avr4 protects chitin against hydrolysis by plant chitinases. Avr4 also binds to chitin in cell walls of the fungi Trichoderma viride and Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli and protects these fungi against normally deleterious concentrations of plant chitinases. In situ fluorescence studies showed that Avr4 also binds to cell walls of C. fulvum during infection of tomato, where it most likely protects the fungus against tomato chitinases, suggesting that Avr4 is a counter-defensive virulence factor.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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