LINE-1 retrotransposons facilitate horizontal gene transfer into poxviruses
| Autor: | M. Julhasur Rahman, Sherry L. Haller, Ana M. M. Stoian, Jie Li, Greg Brennan, Stefan Rothenburg |
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| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: |
Gene Transfer
Horizontal Retroelements infectious disease Gene Transfer Retrotransposon Vaccinia virus Biology Genome Virus General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Horizontal LINE-1 Rare Diseases evolution Genetics 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment Small Pox Aetiology Gene Gene knockout Phylogeny General Immunology and Microbiology General Neuroscience Poxviridae microbiology Human Genome General Medicine PKR retrotransposons poxvirus Essential gene Viral evolution Horizontal gene transfer Viruses horizontal gene transfer Biochemistry and Cell Biology Infection Biotechnology |
| Popis: | There is ample phylogenetic evidence that many critical virus functions, like immune evasion, evolved by the acquisition of genes from their hosts through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). However, the lack of an experimental system has prevented a mechanistic understanding of this process. We developed a model to elucidate the mechanisms of HGT into vaccinia virus, the prototypic poxvirus. All identified gene capture events showed signatures of long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1)-mediated retrotransposition, including spliced-out introns, polyadenylated tails and target site duplications. In one case, the acquired gene integrated together with a polyadenylated host U2 small nuclear RNA. Integrations occurred across the genome, in some cases knocking out essential viral genes. These essential gene knockouts were rescued through a process of complementation by the parent virus followed by non-homologous recombination during serial passaging to generate a single competent virus. This work links multiple evolutionary mechanisms into one adaptive cascade and identifies host retrotransposons as major drivers for virus evolution. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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