A Novel Polymer Insect Repellent Conjugate for Extended Release and Decreased Skin Permeation of Para-Menthane-3,8-Diol
| Autor: | Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy, Adrian C. Williams, Sayyed I. Shah |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Thermogravimetric analysis skin lcsh:RS1-441 Pharmaceutical Science 02 engineering and technology Acryloyl chloride 01 natural sciences Article lcsh:Pharmacy and materia medica chemistry.chemical_compound Differential scanning calorimetry Copolymer PMD insect repellent extended release Acrylic acid Chromatography p-menthane-3 8-diol fungi Permeation 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology polymer–drug conjugate 010602 entomology chemistry 0210 nano-technology p-Menthane-3 8-diol Insect repellent |
| Zdroj: | Pharmaceutics Volume 13 Issue 3 Pharmaceutics, Vol 13, Iss 403, p 403 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 1999-4923 |
| Popis: | Background: We developed a novel polymer insect repellent conjugate for extended release and decreased skin permeation of the volatile insect repellent p-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD). Methods: PMD was conjugated with acryloyl chloride via an ester bond to form acryloyl–PMD, which was subsequently copolymerised with acrylic acid at varying molar ratios. Copolymer structures were characterised by 1H NMR and FT-IR, analysed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), molecular weights and reactivity ratios determined, and repellent loading assessed. Results: Using porcine liver esterases, ~45% of the insect repellent was released over five days. Penetration and permeation studies of the copolymer and free repellent using excised, full-thickness porcine ear skin showed no detectable permeation of the copolymer through skin compared to the PMD. Moreover, tape stripping revealed that over 90% of the copolymer remained on the outer surface of the skin, whereas free PMD was within all skin layers. A planarian toxicity fluorescence assay indicated that that the copolymer is unlikely to be a significant irritant when applied topically. Conclusions: this study demonstrates the feasibility of the copolymer approach to develop extended-release insect repellents while reducing skin uptake and transdermal permeation of the small-molecular-weight active ingredient, in order to minimise any adverse effects. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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