In Vitro Measurements of Cellular Forces and their Importance in the Lung—From the Sub- to the Multicellular Scale
| Autor: | Annika Schundner, Manfred Frick, Peter Kolb, Kay-E. Gottschalk |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Collective behavior Computer science Scale (chemistry) Science Paleontology Review force sensing Organ development Cellular level Multiple methods General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology lung 03 medical and health sciences Multicellular organism 030104 developmental biology 0302 clinical medicine Space and Planetary Science Mechanotransduction Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics mechanotransduction |
| Zdroj: | Life, Vol 11, Iss 691, p 691 (2021) Life |
| ISSN: | 2075-1729 |
| Popis: | Throughout life, the body is subjected to various mechanical forces on the organ, tissue, and cellular level. Mechanical stimuli are essential for organ development and function. One organ whose function depends on the tightly connected interplay between mechanical cell properties, biochemical signaling, and external forces is the lung. However, altered mechanical properties or excessive mechanical forces can also drive the onset and progression of severe pulmonary diseases. Characterizing the mechanical properties and forces that affect cell and tissue function is therefore necessary for understanding physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. In recent years, multiple methods have been developed for cellular force measurements at multiple length scales, from subcellular forces to measuring the collective behavior of heterogeneous cellular networks. In this short review, we give a brief overview of the mechanical forces at play on the cellular level in the lung. We then focus on the technological aspects of measuring cellular forces at many length scales. We describe tools with a subcellular resolution and elaborate measurement techniques for collective multicellular units. Many of the technologies described are by no means restricted to lung research and have already been applied successfully to cells from various other tissues. However, integrating the knowledge gained from these multi-scale measurements in a unifying framework is still a major future challenge. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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