The history of expansion of the genus Bursaphelenchus (Nematoda: Aphelenchida: Parasitaphelenchidae)

Autor: Paulo Vieira, Manuel Mota, A. Yu. Ryss
Rok vydání: 2008
Předmět:
Zdroj: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC)-FCT-Sociedade da Informação
instacron:RCAAP
CIÊNCIAVITAE
ISSN: 1608-3105
0012-4966
Popis: 97 Because of globalization and removal of geographical barriers, frequent biological invasions of introduced species become an urgent environmental problem. According to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), precise identification of dangerous aggressive species at the early stages of their invasion to new regions is the most important component of the environmental control and monitoring. To resist the potential environmental hazard, the precise data are required on the current distribution and history of expansion of pests that are of global economic importance. We performed biogeographical analysis of phytopathogenic nematodes of the genus Bursaphelenchus , which are of world plant quarantine importance. We analyzed the species groups erected previously on the basis of morphological data and the biotic relationships with the host plants and insect vectors [1]. A model of the genus dispersal based on all data on Bursaphelenchus records in natural biotopes was developed using the secondary Brooks parsimony approach (sBPA). Two species of the genus are included into the A1 list of especially dangerous plant quarantine organisms [2]. These are Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , the causative agent of the pine wilt disease in Asia and America, and Bursaphelenchus cocophilus , the pathogen of the palm red ring disease in the Caribbean region. The Bursaphelenchus genus includes 78 phytophathogenic species the life cycle of which is associated with woody plants (mostly coniferous trees from the family Pinaceae), insects (beetles from the families Scolytidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, and Buprestidae), and basidium-producing fungi. The insect vectors have played an important role in the Bursaphelenchus evolution: the initial association, Scolytidae beetles‐Pinaceae conifers, has changed, giving rise to two natural species groups within the genus: the xylophilus group (the vectors were longhorn beetles of the family Cerambycidae) and the hunti group (the vectors belong to the order Hymenoptera) [1]. A modified sBPA was used to determine the specific features of the spread of these nematodes and their relationships with the host plants [3‐5]. In works by Brooks and his followers, matrices and dendrograms were obtained by the parsimony method on the basis of well-grounded phylogenies of both plant and animal taxa. The dendrogram branches of the phylogenetic tree of the studied taxon served as fields in matrices for the regions and host taxa. On the basis of these matrices, new dendrograms of the regions and hosts were obtained to develop the concepts of the evolution for the taxa and fauna of the areas under consideration, accurate to species. In this study, the matrices of plants and large regions were developed on the basis of the
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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