Comparison of Urine 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3)Pyridyl-1-Butanol and Cotinine for Assessment of Active and Passive Smoke Exposure in Urban Adolescents
| Autor: | Natalie Nardone, Newton Addo, Shonul Jain, Neal L. Benowitz, Gideon St.Helen, Peyton Jacob, Delia A. Dempsey |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Nitrosamines Adolescent Urban Population Epidemiology Urine complex mixtures Tobacco smoke Article 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine Environmental health Neoplasms Tobacco Medicine Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Active smoking General hospital Cotinine High prevalence business.industry Smoking Passive Smoke Exposure Oncology chemistry 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Female San Francisco Tobacco Smoke Pollution Cutoff point business Biomarkers Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Cancer epidemiology, biomarkersprevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 27(3) |
| ISSN: | 1538-7755 |
| Popis: | Background: Many adolescents are exposed to tobacco smoke, from either active smoking (CS) or secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Tobacco-specific biomarkers of exposure include cotinine (detects use in past 2–4 days) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL; detects use for a month or longer). NNAL is expected to detect more intermittent tobacco exposure. We compared NNAL and cotinine as biomarkers of exposure to tobacco in urban adolescents and determined the optimal NNAL cutoff point to distinguish CS from SHS exposure. Methods: Surplus urine samples, collected from 466 adolescents attending pediatric well or urgent care visits at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital in 2013 to 2014, were assayed for cotinine and NNAL. Results: Ninety-four percent of adolescents had measurable levels of NNAL compared with 87% for cotinine. The optimal NNAL cutoff point to distinguish CS from SHS was 9.6 pg/mL by latent class or 14.4 pg/mL by receiver-operating characteristic analysis. Cotinine and NNAL were strongly correlated, but the correlation slopes differed for active versus SHS-exposed adolescents. Among nonsmokers, NNAL levels were significantly higher in African American (median, 3.3 pg/mL) compared with other groups (0.9–1.9 pg/mL), suggesting greater exposure to SHS. Conclusions: Urine NNAL screening finds a large majority (94%) of urban adolescents are exposed to tobacco. African Americans are exposed to higher levels of SHS than other ethnic/racial groups. Impact: SHS is associated with significant medical morbidity in adolescents. Routine biochemical screening with NNAL or cotinine detects high prevalence of SHS exposure and should be considered as a tool to reduce SHS exposure in high-risk populations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(3); 254–61. ©2018 AACR. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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