Viral Membrane Fusion Proteins and RNA Sorting Mechanisms for the Molecular Delivery by Exosomes
| Autor: | Dmitry Vladimirtsev, Nikolay Barlev, Evgeny Faizuloev, Maria Vorontsova, Igor Blatov, K. G. Shevchenko, Evgenii A Lunev, I. V. Zubarev, Svetlana Zvereva |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
QH301-705.5
RNA-binding protein Review Exosomes Membrane Fusion RNA Transport Viral Matrix Proteins fusion protein Animals Humans Biology (General) Chemistry Effector target delivery Lipid bilayer fusion RNA General Medicine Extracellular vesicle Fusion protein Microvesicles Cell biology cell_developmental_biology RNA sorting Host-Pathogen Interactions Nanocarriers extracellular vesicles Viral Fusion Proteins |
| Zdroj: | Cells Cells, Vol 10, Iss 3043, p 3043 (2021) |
| Popis: | The advancement of precision medicine critically depends on the robustness and specificity of the carriers used for the targeted delivery of effector molecules in the human body. Numerous nanocarriers have been explored in vivo, to ensure the precise delivery of molecular cargos via tissue-specific targeting, including the endocrine part of the pancreas, thyroid, and adrenal glands. However, even after reaching the target organ, the cargo-carrying vehicle needs to enter the cell and then escape from lysosomal destruction. Most of artificial nanocarriers suffer from intrinsic limitations that either prevent them from completing the specific delivery of the cargo. In this respect, extracellular vesicles (EVs) seem to be the natural tool for payload delivery due to their versatility and low toxicity. However, EV-mediated delivery is not selective and usually short-ranged. By inserting the viral membrane fusion proteins into exosomes, it is possible to increase the efficiency of membrane recognition and also ease the process of membrane fusion. This review describes the molecular details of the viral-assisted interaction between the target cell and extracellular vesicles. We also discuss the question of the usability of viral fusion proteins in developing extracellular vesicle-based nanocarriers with higher efficacy of payload delivery. Finally, this review specifically highlights the role of Gag and RNA binding proteins in RNA sorting into extracellular vesicles. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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