The Potential Role of Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Epilepsy Pathogenesis
| Autor: | Gholamreza Azizi, Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer, José M. Bautista, Zeineb Zian, Ramin Hosseinzadeh, Ali N. Kamali, Haleh Hamedifar, Reza Yazdani |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism medicine.medical_treatment Anti-Inflammatory Agents 030209 endocrinology & metabolism Proinflammatory cytokine 03 medical and health sciences Epilepsy 0302 clinical medicine medicine Immunology and Allergy Animals Humans Autocrine signalling Macrophage inflammatory protein Neuroinflammation business.industry Interleukin Brain medicine.disease 030104 developmental biology Cytokine Immunology Neuroinflammatory Diseases Cytokines Tumor necrosis factor alpha Inflammation Mediators business Signal Transduction |
| Zdroj: | Endocrine, metabolicimmune disorders drug targets. 21(10) |
| ISSN: | 2212-3873 |
| Popis: | Within the pathophysiology of epilepsy, as a chronic brain disorder, the involvement of neuroinflammation has been extensively implied. Recurrent seizures of epilepsy have been associated with elevated levels of immune mediators that seem to play a pivotal role in triggering them. Neurons, glia, and endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) take part in such inflammatory processes by expressing receptors of associated mediators through autocrine and paracrine stimulation of intracellular signaling pathways. In this milieu, elevated cytokine levels in serum and brain tissue have been reported in patients with an epileptic profile. Noteworthy, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are the proinflammatory cytokines mostly associated, in literature, with the pathogenesis of epilepsies. In this review, we examine the function of these cytokines in connection with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) as potential proinflammatory mediators in the neuropathology of epilepsy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|