Co-invaders: The effects of alien parasites on native hosts
| Autor: | Stephen J. Beatty, Alan J. Lymbery, Hosna Gholipour Kanani, David L. Morgan, Mikayla Morine |
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| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife |
| ISSN: | 2213-2244 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.04.002 |
| Popis: | Graphical abstract Highlights • Co-introduced parasites are transported to a new area with an alien host. • Co-invading parasites are those which are co-introduced and switch from alien to native hosts. • Co-invading parasites with indirect life cycles are reported as frequently as those with direct life cycles. • Co-invaders are usually more virulent in native hosts than in alien hosts. We define co-introduced parasites as those which have been transported with an alien host to a new locality, outside of their natural range, and co-invading parasites as those which have been co-introduced and then spread to new, native hosts. Of 98 published studies of co-introductions, over 50% of hosts were freshwater fishes and 49% of parasites were helminths. Although we would expect parasites with simple, direct life cycles to be much more likely to be introduced and establish in a new locality, a substantial proportion (36%) of co-introductions were of parasites with an indirect life cycle. Seventy-eight per cent of co-introduced parasites were found in native host species and can therefore be classed as co-invaders. Host switching was equally common among parasites with direct and indirect life cycles. The magnitude of the threat posed to native species by co-invaders will depend, among other things, on parasite virulence. In 16 cases where co-introduced parasites have switched to native hosts and information was available on relative virulence, 14 (85%) were more virulent in native hosts than in the co-introduced alien host. We argue that this does not necessarily support the naïve host theory that co-invading parasites will have greater pathogenic effects in native hosts with which they have no coevolutionary history, but may instead be a consequence of the greater likelihood for parasites with lower virulence in their natural host to be co-introduced. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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