Identification of Factors Associated with Potential Doping Behavior in Sports: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in High-Level Competitive Swimmers
| Autor: | Antonino Bianco, Zvonimir Kutlesa, Damir Sekulic, Šime Veršić, Jakob Bednarik, Sime Devcic, Dora Maric, Jelena Rodek, Silvester Liposek |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Devcic S., Bednarik J., Maric D., Versic S., Sekulic D., Kutlesa Z., Bianco A., Rodek J., Liposek S. |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Health Knowledge Attitudes Practice doping behavior Adolescent Cross-sectional study Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Slovenia lcsh:Medicine Intention Article Age and gender Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Psychology Sports Risk Factors Surveys and Questionnaires Humans 030212 general & internal medicine performance enhancing drugs predictors sport achievement factors of hesitation Swimming Multinomial logistic regression Doping in Sports Settore M-EDF/02 - Metodi E Didattiche Delle Attivita' Sportive lcsh:R Confounding technology industry and agriculture Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health 030229 sport sciences Odds ratio Confidence interval Cross-Sectional Studies Athletes Social consequence Female Doping behavior Factors of hesitation Performance enhancing drugs Predictors Sport achievement Psychology human activities Alcohol consumption Demography |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Volume 15 Issue 8 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 15, Iss 8, p 1720 (2018) |
| ISSN: | 1660-4601 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ijerph15081720 |
| Popis: | Background: Doping behavior, including the misuse of performance-enhancing drugs, is currently a serious problem in sports, and the efficacy of preventive efforts directly depends on information regarding the associations among different precipitating factors (PF) and doping behavior. This study aimed to establish the PF of potential doping behavior (PDB) in competitive swimmers. Methods: The study included 301 swimmers from Slovenia (153 females, 16.4 ± 2.4 years), tested during the 2017 National Championship. Variables were collected by previously validated questionnaires, which included questions on sociodemographics, sports-related factors, consumption of dietary supplements, knowledge of doping, factors of hesitation, and doping-related factors (i.e., number of doping tests, opinion about the presence of doping in sport). The PDB (positive, neutral, or negative intention toward doping) was observed as a criterion, while other variables were included as predictors in multinomial regression analyses (with &ldquo negative&rdquo as reference value), which additionally controlled for gender and age category (cadet-, junior-, and senior-level) as confounders. Results: The results confirmed higher susceptibility to doping in males (positive: odds ratio (OR): 2.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27&ndash 6.04), those swimmers who reported higher alcohol consumption (neutral: OR: 2.18, 95%CI: 1.06&ndash 4.16, positive: OR: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.05&ndash 4.37), and those regularly used dietary supplements (positive: OR: 3.62, 95%CI: 1.25&ndash 10.52). Competitive achievement in Olympic- (neutral: OR: 0.57, 95%CI: 0.41&ndash 0.81, positive: OR: 0.59, 95%CI: 0.39&ndash 0.88), and non-Olympic disciplines (positive: OR: 0.54, 95%CI: 0.35&ndash 0.83) was protective against PDB. Swimmers who were more concerned about the negative social consequences of doping behavior (i.e., condemnation by family and friends) were less likely to declare a positive intention toward the PDB (family condemnation: OR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.56&ndash 0.86, friends&rsquo condemnation: OR: 0.65, 95%CI: 0.52&ndash 0.80). Conclusions: The results of the study provide more precise insight into the specific factors associated with PDB in swimming. The established precipitating factors should be incorporated into targeted anti-doping campaigns in this sport. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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