Insights into the genomic evolution of insects from cricket genomes
| Autor: | Sayuri Tomonari, Atsushi Toyoda, Cassandra G. Extavour, Yuji Matsuoka, Yoshiyasu Ishimaru, Taro Nakamura, Sumihare Noji, Takahito Watanabe, Masao Fuketa, Takehiko Itoh, Tetsuya Bando, Guillem Ylla, Taro Mito, Rei Kajitani, Austen A. Barnett |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Transposable element Insecta QH301-705.5 media_common.quotation_subject Genome Insect Medicine (miscellaneous) Genes Insect Insect Genome Article General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Evolution Molecular Gryllidae 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Cricket Animals Gene family Biology (General) Metamorphosis Gene Phylogeny Repetitive Sequences Nucleic Acid 030304 developmental biology media_common 0303 health sciences biology Gryllus bimaculatus Sequence Analysis DNA DNA Methylation biology.organism_classification Field cricket DNA transposable elements Evolutionary biology DNA methylation Female General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Entomology human activities 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Communications Biology, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021) Communications Biology |
| ISSN: | 2399-3642 |
| Popis: | Most of our knowledge of insect genomes comes from Holometabolous species, which undergo complete metamorphosis and have genomes typically under 2 Gb with little signs of DNA methylation. In contrast, Hemimetabolous insects undergo the presumed ancestral process of incomplete metamorphosis, and have larger genomes with high levels of DNA methylation. Hemimetabolous species from the Orthopteran order (grasshoppers and crickets) have some of the largest known insect genomes. What drives the evolution of these unusual insect genome sizes, remains unknown. Here we report the sequencing, assembly and annotation of the 1.66-Gb genome of the Mediterranean field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, and the annotation of the 1.60-Gb genome of the Hawaiian cricket Laupala kohalensis. We compare these two cricket genomes with those of 14 additional insects and find evidence that hemimetabolous genomes expanded due to transposable element activity. Based on the ratio of observed to expected CpG sites, we find higher conservation and stronger purifying selection of methylated genes than non-methylated genes. Finally, our analysis suggests an expansion of the pickpocket class V gene family in crickets, which we speculate might play a role in the evolution of cricket courtship, including their characteristic chirping. Ylla, Extavour et al. use genomic data from crickets to investigate the evolution of large genome sizes and DNA methylation events in insects. Their findings indicate that transposable element activity drove genome expansion in hemimetabolous insects, such as crickets and grasshoppers, and that DNA methylation is predominant in conserved genes. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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