The social context of U.S. built landscapes
| Autor: | Luc Anselin, Emily Talen, Stephen M. Wheeler |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Inequality
Occupancy Range (biology) media_common.quotation_subject 0211 other engineering and technologies 0507 social and economic geography Ethnic group 02 engineering and technology Management Monitoring Policy and Law Basic Behavioral and Social Science Engineering Sprawl Behavioral and Social Science Urban pattern Economic geography Urban & Regional Planning Nature and Landscape Conservation media_common Equity (economics) Landscape typology Ecology biology 05 social sciences Urban sprawl 021107 urban & regional planning biology.organism_classification Metropolitan area Urban Studies Social demographics Atlanta Built Environment and Design Reduced Inequalities 050703 geography Environmental Sciences |
| Zdroj: | Talen, E; Wheeler, SM; & Anselin, L. (2018). The social context of U.S. built landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning, 177, 266-280. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.03.005. UC Davis: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7zk3n1wp |
| ISSN: | 0169-2046 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.03.005 |
| Popis: | © 2018 Elsevier B.V. In this paper, we present a quantified, GIS-based analysis of the relationship between urban morphological patterns and racial, ethnic, and household characteristics. We want to understand how the built landscapes of American cities differ in sociological terms—for example, are some more prone to racial concentration or prevalence of particular family types? Since many built landscape types are relatively recent and rapidly growing, this analysis can inform current debates about sprawl and inequality. We examined six diverse U.S. metropolitan regions: Boston, Atlanta, Chicago, Las Vegas, Portland, and Sacramento, joining census block data with built landscape patterns mapped in GIS through aerial imagery analysis. We find that a large portion of our six metropolitan regions consists of patterns that can be characterized as sprawl—patterns that are often manifestations of a desire for separation. This separation has significant equity implications because resources—services, amenities, schools, parks, tax base, etc.—are not evenly distributed. Further, two of our patterns (Rural Sprawl and Upscale Enclave), which are growing rapidly and most often occur on the urban fringe, have the least diverse demographics across all six metro areas. These landscapes are also by far the least dense, leading to a range of negative environmental impacts. Older built landscape types (Urban Grids, Rectangular Block Grids, and Degenerate Grids) are denser and relatively diverse. These have lower rates of occupancy in most urban areas, indicating an opportunity to house additional residents in relatively well-located, well-connected, and diverse central portions of metropolitan regions. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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