A solvent-free solid catalyst for the selective and color-indicating ambient-air removal of sulfur mustard
| Autor: | Alex Balboa, Wesley O. Gordon, Kevin P. Sullivan, Djamaladdin G. Musaev, Alexey L. Kaledin, Victoria G. Snider, Anatoly I. Frenkel, Craig L. Hill, Daniel L. Collins-Wildman, Yurii V. Geletii, Yiyao Tian, Rachel M. Slaugenhaupt, Christopher J. Karwacki |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
chemistry.chemical_classification
inorganic chemicals Bromine Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform Sulfide 010405 organic chemistry Inorganic chemistry chemistry.chemical_element food and beverages Sulfur mustard Sulfoxide General Chemistry Human decontamination 010402 general chemistry 01 natural sciences Biochemistry 0104 chemical sciences Catalysis chemistry.chemical_compound Chemistry chemistry Materials Chemistry Environmental Chemistry Tribromide QD1-999 |
| Zdroj: | Communications Chemistry, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2399-3669 |
| Popis: | Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide or sulfur mustard (HD) is one of the highest-tonnage chemical warfare agents and one that is highly persistent in the environment. For decontamination, selective oxidation of HD to the substantially less toxic sulfoxide is crucial. We report here a solvent-free, solid, robust catalyst comprising hydrophobic salts of tribromide and nitrate, copper(II) nitrate hydrate, and a solid acid (NafionTM) for selective sulfoxidation using only ambient air at room temperature. This system rapidly removes HD as a neat liquid or a vapor. The mechanisms of these aerobic decontamination reactions are complex, and studies confirm reversible formation of a key intermediate, the bromosulfonium ion, and the role of Cu(II). The latter increases the rate four-fold by increasing the equilibrium concentration of bromosulfonium during turnover. Cu(II) also provides a colorimetric detection capability. Without HD, the solid is green, and with HD, it is brown. Bromine K-edge XANES and EXAFS studies confirm regeneration of tribromide under catalytic conditions. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy shows absorption of HD vapor and selective conversion to the desired sulfoxide, HDO, at the gas–solid interface. Decontamination of sulfur-containing chemical warfare agents can be achieved through selective, air-based oxidation. Here a solid, solvent-free catalyst for aerobic oxidative decontamination of sulfur mustard is reported. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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