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Recent studies have shown that social interaction can serve as an alternative reinforcer to opioid self-administration under a choice context in rats. However, additional parametric studies are needed to evaluate the sensitivity of opioid-vs.-social interaction procedures relative to more established opioid-vs.-food procedures. The current study evaluated the sensitivity of a novel fentanyl-vs.-social interaction choice procedure to environmental and pharmacological manipulations previously shown to affect fentanyl-vs.-food choice. Male and female rats (responder rats; n = 6/sex) were trained to respond in a discrete-trial choice procedure for either 30-s access to a same-sex "partner" rat or an intravenous fentanyl infusion. Once trained, the effects of fentanyl unit dose (0, 0.32-10 μg/kg/inf), partner rat presence, opioid-dependence status, chronic naltrexone administration (0.032, 0.1 mg/kg/h), and response requirement for fentanyl self-administration (fixed ratio 1-320) were determined across weeks. The fentanyl-vs.-social interaction choice procedure was sensitive to the unit dose of fentanyl, chronic naltrexone treatment, and fentanyl response requirement. However, the magnitude of these effects on fentanyl choice was smaller than those reported in published fentanyl-vs.-food choice studies. Furthermore, fentanyl-vs.-social interaction choice was not sensitive to removal of the partner rat or opioid-dependence status. Minimal sex differences were detected. These results suggest that this fentanyl-vs.-social interaction choice procedure is less sensitive to environmental and pharmacological interventions than previously established opioid-vs.-food choice procedures. The observed discrepancy in sensitivity between the procedures suggests that social interaction may have qualitatively different reinforcing properties compared to more commonly assessed alternative reinforcers such as food (preclinical) or money (human laboratory). |
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