Modelling issues in cancer screening
| Autor: | Rob J. de Boer, J. D. F. Habbema, G.J. van Oortmarssen |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1995 |
| Předmět: |
Statistics and Probability
Oncology medicine.medical_specialty Epidemiology Colorectal cancer Cost-Benefit Analysis Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Breast Neoplasms Disease law.invention 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Breast cancer Health Information Management Randomized controlled trial law Neoplasms Internal medicine Cancer screening medicine Humans Mass Screening 030212 general & internal medicine Cervical cancer Models Statistical Surrogate endpoint business.industry Cancer medicine.disease 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Female Epidemiologic Methods business |
| Zdroj: | Europe PubMed Central |
| ISSN: | 1477-0334 0962-2802 |
| Popis: | The two main goals of modelling cancer screening are data analysis and evaluation. In data analysis, analytical-numerical statistical models are used to test hypotheses about preclinical disease, the screening test, and the association between early detection and risk of dying from the cancer. Evaluation in cancer screening is supported by model-based prediction of screening effects and cost-effectiveness. Simulation models are suitable for these tasks, and can also be used to identify efficient age-ranges and intervals between screening tests. Striking differences exist between screening models for cervical cancer and breast cancer, which are the two cancer types for which screening is common practice. The two main problems in cervical cancer screening are the proportion of progressive and regressive among screen-detected lesions, and the impact of screening on incidence and mortality. In breast cancer, regression is not (yet) a big issue, and the relationship between screening and mortality reduction has been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials (at least for women older than 50 years). The weakest link in current breast cancer models is the association between earliness of detection and improvement in prognosis. The modelling outcomes and their usefulness are decisively influenced by the data sets that were used in quantifying the model, and the subclassifications of the data that were considered. New or pending modelling issues include HPV-based screening in cervical cancer, screening models for colorectal cancer, the use of surrogate outcome measures and model-based meta-analysis of screening trials. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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