| Autor: |
Josefine Hansson, Mikael Nordenmark, Åsa Tjulin, Bodil J. Landstad, Stig Vinberg |
| Rok vydání: |
2022 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; Volume 19; Issue 13; Pages: 7840 |
| ISSN: |
1660-4601 |
| DOI: |
10.3390/ijerph19137840 |
| Popis: |
Background: The self-employed are at increased risk of negative well-being outcomes when facing adversity such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies that examine socio-ecological factors that may protect their well-being are warranted. Methods: Data were drawn from a cross-sectional survey of European self-employed people (n = 1665). The WHO-5 Well-being Index was used to examine the impact on well-being of factors at four socio-ecological levels. Independent sample t-tests, Pearson correlations and linear regression were applied to analyse differences between groups of self-employed and interactions between variables using SPSS. Results: Well-being and the socio-ecological factors of resilience, social support, useful work and finding the rules clear were positively correlated with well-being. For self-employed who reported that it was challenging to run their business during the pandemic, social support and finding rules clear were of significantly greater importance to their well-being. Conclusions: The findings highlight that the socio-ecological factors of resilience, social support, doing useful work and finding the rules clear affect well-being. The results also indicate that it is vital to consider factors at multiple socio-ecological levels to improve the well-being of the self-employed during adversity. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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