Blueberry polyphenols attenuate kainic acid-induced decrements in cognition and alter inflammatory gene expression in rat hippocampus
| Autor: | Francis C. Lau, James A. Joseph, Edward L. Spangler, Amanda N. Carey, Barbara Shukitt-Hale, Rachel L. Galli, Donald K. Ingram |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Kainic acid Blueberry Plants Interleukin-1beta Medicine (miscellaneous) Morris water navigation task Gene Expression Inflammation Pharmacology Biology Piroxicam medicine.disease_cause Hippocampus Article Proinflammatory cytokine chemistry.chemical_compound Phenols Neurotrophic factors medicine Hippocampus (mythology) Animals RNA Messenger Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Maze Learning Flavonoids Nutrition and Dietetics Kainic Acid Plant Extracts Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha General Neuroscience NF-kappa B Polyphenols General Medicine Rats Inbred F344 Diet Rats Biochemistry chemistry nervous system Fruit medicine.symptom Cognition Disorders Oxidative stress medicine.drug Phytotherapy |
| Zdroj: | Nutritional neuroscience. 11(4) |
| ISSN: | 1476-8305 |
| Popis: | Cognitive impairment in age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease may be partly due to long-term exposure and increased susceptibility to inflammatory insults. In the current study, we investigated whether polyphenols in blueberries can reduce the deleterious effects of inflammation induced by central administration of kainic acid by altering the expression of genes associated with inflammation. To this end, 4-month-old male Fischer-344 (F344) rats were fed a control, 0.015% piroxicam (an NSAID) or 2% blueberry diet for 8 weeks before either Ringer's buffer or kainic acid was bilaterally micro-infused into the hippocampus. Two weeks later, following behavioral evaluation, the rats were killed and total RNA from the hippocampus was extracted and used in real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) to analyze the expression of inflammation-related genes. Kainic acid had deleterious effects on cognitive behavior as kainic acid-injected rats on the control diet exhibited increased latencies to find a hidden platform in the Morris water maze compared to Ringer's buffer-injected rats and utilized non-spatial strategies during probe trials. The blueberry diet, and to a lesser degree the piroxicam diet, was able to improve cognitive performance. Immunohistochemical analyses of OX-6 expression revealed that kainic acid produced an inflammatory response by increasing the OX-6 positive areas in the hippocampus of kainic acid-injected rats. Kainic acid up-regulated the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, the neurotrophic factor IGF-1, and the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Blueberry and piroxicam supplementations were found to attenuate the kainic acid-induced increase in the expression of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and NF-kappaB, while only blueberry was able to augment the increased IGF-1 expression. These results indicate that blueberry polyphenols attenuate learning impairments following neurotoxic insult and exert anti-inflammatory actions, perhaps via alteration of gene expression. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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